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Several recent studies have shown that strong natural language understanding (NLU) models are prone to relying on unwanted dataset biases without learning the underlying task, resulting in models that fail to generalize to out-of-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Rabeeh Karimi Mahabadi , Yonatan Belinkov , James Henderson

A number of recent benchmarks seek to assess how well models handle natural language negation. However, these benchmarks lack the controlled example paradigms that would allow us to infer whether a model had learned how negation morphemes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Jingyuan Selena She , Christopher Potts , Samuel R. Bowman , Atticus Geiger

Negation and uncertainty modeling are long-standing tasks in natural language processing. Linguistic theory postulates that expressions of negation and uncertainty are semantically independent from each other and the content they modify.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Jake Vasilakes , Chrysoula Zerva , Makoto Miwa , Sophia Ananiadou

Despite great performance on many tasks, language models (LMs) still struggle with reasoning, sometimes providing responses that cannot possibly be true because they stem from logical incoherence. We call such responses \textit{strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Nicholas Asher , Swarnadeep Bhar

Negation in natural language does not follow Boolean logic and is therefore inherently difficult to model. In particular, it takes into account the broader understanding of what is being negated. In previous work, we proposed a framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Razin A. Shaikh , Lia Yeh , Benjamin Rodatz , Bob Coecke

Masked language modeling (MLM), a self-supervised pretraining objective, is widely used in natural language processing for learning text representations. MLM trains a model to predict a random sample of input tokens that have been replaced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Atsuki Yamaguchi , George Chrysostomou , Katerina Margatina , Nikolaos Aletras

The surge of state-of-the-art Transformer-based models has undoubtedly pushed the limits of NLP model performance, excelling in a variety of tasks. We cast the spotlight on the underexplored task of Natural Language Inference (NLI), since…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Alexandros Koulakos , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Filandrianos , Giorgos Stamou

In this paper we investigate the linguistic knowledge learned by a Neural Language Model (NLM) before and after a fine-tuning process and how this knowledge affects its predictions during several classification problems. We use a wide set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Alessio Miaschi , Dominique Brunato , Felice Dell'Orletta , Giulia Venturi

While recent research on natural language inference has considerably benefited from large annotated datasets, the amount of inference-related knowledge (including commonsense) provided in the annotated data is still rather limited. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Xiaoyu Yang , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhan Shi , Tianda Li

We study the problem of classification with a reject option for a fixed predictor, applicable in natural language processing. We introduce a new problem formulation for this scenario, and an algorithm minimizing a new surrogate loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Christopher Mohri , Daniel Andor , Eunsol Choi , Michael Collins

There is a huge performance gap between formal and informal language understanding tasks. The recent pre-trained models that improved the performance of formal language understanding tasks did not achieve a comparable result on informal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Jing Gu , Zhou Yu

Recent progress in pretraining language models on large textual corpora led to a surge of improvements for downstream NLP tasks. Whilst learning linguistic knowledge, these models may also be storing relational knowledge present in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Fabio Petroni , Tim Rocktäschel , Patrick Lewis , Anton Bakhtin , Yuxiang Wu , Alexander H. Miller , Sebastian Riedel

There have been remarkable breakthroughs in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, notably in the areas of Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning. Additionally, hate speech detection in dialogues has been gaining popularity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Durgesh Nandini , Ute Schmid

We are surprised to find that BERT's peak performance of 77% on the Argument Reasoning Comprehension Task reaches just three points below the average untrained human baseline. However, we show that this result is entirely accounted for by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Timothy Niven , Hung-Yu Kao

Social media networks and chatting platforms often use an informal version of natural text. Adversarial spelling attacks also tend to alter the input text by modifying the characters in the text. Normalizing these texts is an essential step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Fenil Doshi , Jimit Gandhi , Deep Gosalia , Sudhir Bagul

In this paper, we evaluate the translation of negation both automatically and manually, in English--German (EN--DE) and English--Chinese (EN--ZH). We show that the ability of neural machine translation (NMT) models to translate negation has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Gongbo Tang , Philipp Rönchen , Rico Sennrich , Joakim Nivre

Natural language (NL) is arguably the most prevalent medium for expressing systems and software requirements. Detecting incompleteness in NL requirements is a major challenge. One approach to identify incompleteness is to compare…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Dipeeka Luitel , Shabnam Hassani , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh

Natural Language Inference (NLI) models are known to learn from biases and artefacts within their training data, impacting how well they generalise to other unseen datasets. Existing de-biasing approaches focus on preventing the models from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Joe Stacey , Yonatan Belinkov , Marek Rei

Negation is a fundamental linguistic concept used by humans to convey information that they do not desire. Despite this, minimal research has focused on negation within text-guided image editing. This lack of research means that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Nhat-Tan Bui , Dinh-Hieu Hoang , Quoc-Huy Trinh , Minh-Triet Tran , Truong Nguyen , Susan Gauch

Language model probing is often used to test specific capabilities of models. However, conclusions from such studies may be limited when the probing benchmarks are small and lack statistical power. In this work, we introduce new, larger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Namrata Shivagunde , Vladislav Lialin , Anna Rumshisky