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The next generation 21 cm surveys open a new window onto the early stages of cosmic structure formation and provide new insights about the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). However, the non-Gaussian nature of the 21 cm signal along with the huge…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-18 Héctor J. Hortúa , Luigi Malago , Riccardo Volpi

The 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is a powerful probe of the evolution of the Universe. However, accurate measurements of the EoR signal from radio interferometric observations are sensitive to efficient foreground…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-23 Madhurima Choudhury , Jonathan C. Pober

The cosmic 21 cm signal is set to revolutionise our understanding of the early Universe, allowing us to probe the 3D temperature and ionisation structure of the intergalactic medium (IGM). It will open a window onto the unseen first…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-22 Bradley Greig , Andrei Mesinger

The sky-averaged (global) 21-cm signal is a powerful probe of the intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the completion of reionization. However, it has so far been unclear that even in the best case scenario, in which the signal is accurately…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Jordan Mirocha , Geraint J. A. Harker , Jack O. Burns

Inferring astrophysical parameters from radio interferometric observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is a challenging yet crucial task. The 21-cm signal from EoR is expected to be highly…

In this paper, we propose a novel method to recover the 21cm global signal from the 21cm power spectrum using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The 21cm global signal is crucial for understanding cosmic evolution from the Dark Ages through…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-09 Hayato Shimabukuro

Radio interferometers, such as the Low-Frequency Array and the future Square Kilometre Array, are attempting to measure the spherically averaged 21-cm power spectrum from the Epoch of Reionization. Understanding of the dominant physical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-01 Ivelin Georgiev , Garrelt Mellema , Sambit K. Giri , Rajesh Mondal

Upper limits from the current generation of interferometers targeting the 21-cm signal from high redshifts have recently begun to rule out physically realistic, though still extreme, models of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). While…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-08 Jordan Mirocha , Julian B. Muñoz , Steven R. Furlanetto , Adrian Liu , Andrei Mesinger

Observations of redshifted 21-cm radiation from neutral hydrogen during the epoch of reionization (EoR) are considered to constitute the most promising tool to probe that epoch. One of the major goals of the first generation of low…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Kanan K. Datta , Garrelt Mellema , Yi Mao , Ilian T. Iliev , Paul R. Shapiro , Kyungjin Ahn

Accurate simulations of the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization require the generation of maps at specific frequencies given the values of astrophysical and cosmological parameters. The peculiar velocities of the hydrogen atoms…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 Emma Chapman , Mario G. Santos

Machine learning (ML) methods have become popular for parameter inference in cosmology, although their reliance on specific training data can cause difficulties when applied across different data sets. By reproducing and testing networks…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-23 Kimeel Sooknunan , Emma Chapman , Luke Conaboy , Daniel Mortlock , Jonathan Pritchard

In the coming decade, low-frequency radio arrays will begin to probe the epoch of reionization via the redshifted 21-cm hydrogen line. Successful interpretation of these observations will require effective statistical techniques for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Vera Gluscevic , Rennan Barkana

Lightcone observations are the natural data format of galaxy surveys, but their evolving geometry breaks the translational symmetry assumed by standard convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In particular, applying CNNs to 3D gridded…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-30 Min Zhiwei , Xiao Xu , Jiang Zhujun , Xiao Liang , Yin Fenfen , Ding Jiacheng , Miao Haitao , Chen Shupei , Lin Qiufan , Wang yang , Zhang Le , Li XiaoDong

We explore the impact of incorporating physically motivated ionisation and recombination rates on the history and topology of cosmic reionisation, by incorporating inputs from small-volume hydrodynamic simulations into a semi-numerical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-08 Sultan Hassan , Romeel Davé , Kristian Finlator , Mario G. Santos

Details of various unknown physical processes during the cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization can be extracted from observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal. These observations, however, will be affected by the evolution of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-14 Raghunath Ghara , Kanan K. Datta , T. Roy Choudhury

Radio interferometric experiments aim to constrain the reionization model parameters by measuring the 21-cm signal statistics, primarily the power spectrum. However the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal is highly non-Gaussian, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-04 Himanshu Tiwari , Abinash Kumar Shaw , Suman Majumdar , Mohd Kamran , Madhurima Choudhury

Detection of redshifted \ion{H}{i} 21-cm emission is a potential probe for investigating the Universe's first billion years. However, given the significantly brighter foreground, detecting 21-cm is observationally difficult. The Earth's…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-30 Anshuman Tripathi , Abhirup Datta , Madhurima Choudhury , Suman Majumdar

We explore the possibility of retrieving cosmological information from 21-cm tomographic data at intermediate redshift. The first step in our approach consists of training an encoder, composed of several three dimensional convolutional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-30 Sambatra Andrianomena

We present the first large-scale radiative transfer simulations of cosmic reionization, in a simulation volume of (100/h Mpc)^3, while at the same time capturing the dwarf galaxies which are primarily responsible for reionization. We…

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will have the sensitivity to take the 3D light-cones of the 21 cm signal from the epoch of reionization. This signal, however, is highly non-Gaussian and can not be fully interpreted by the traditional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-20 Xiaosheng Zhao , Shifan Zuo , Yi Mao