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Pre-trained language models represented by the Transformer have been proven to possess strong base capabilities, and the representative self-attention mechanism in the Transformer has become a classic in sequence modeling architectures.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xin Lu , Yanyan Zhao , Si Wei , Shijin Wang , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large Transformer-based language models are pre-trained on corpora of varying sizes, for a different number of steps and with different batch sizes. At the same time, more fundamental components, such as the pre-training objective or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 M. Aßenmacher , P. Schulze , C. Heumann

Analyzing long text data such as customer call transcripts is a cost-intensive and tedious task. Machine learning methods, namely Transformers, are leveraged to model agent-customer interactions. Unfortunately, Transformers adhere to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Annamalai Senthilnathan , Kristjan Arumae , Mohammed Khalilia , Zhengzheng Xing , Aaron R. Colak

Vision language tasks, such as answering questions about or generating captions that describe an image, are difficult tasks for computers to perform. A relatively recent body of research has adapted the pretrained transformer architecture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Clayton Fields , Casey Kennington

Currently, many theoretical as well as practically relevant questions towards the transferability and robustness of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) remain unsolved. While ongoing research efforts are engaging these problems from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Paul Gavrikov , Janis Keuper

Transformers have theoretical limitations in modeling certain sequence-to-sequence tasks, yet it remains largely unclear if these limitations play a role in large-scale pretrained LLMs, or whether LLMs might effectively overcome these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Mayank Jobanputra , Yana Veitsman , Yash Sarrof , Aleksandra Bakalova , Vera Demberg , Ellie Pavlick , Michael Hahn

While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have come to match and exceed human performance in many settings, the tasks these models optimize for are largely constrained to the level of individual objects, such as classification and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Max Gupta , Sunayana Rane , R. Thomas McCoy , Thomas L. Griffiths

In contemporary computer vision applications, particularly image classification, architectural backbones pre-trained on large datasets like ImageNet are commonly employed as feature extractors. Despite the widespread use of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Pranav Jeevan , Amit Sethi

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have significantly advanced deep learning, driving breakthroughs in computer vision, natural language processing, medical diagnosis, object detection, and speech recognition. Architectural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Saddam Hussain Khan , Rashid Iqbal

In recent years, a variety of methods based on Transformer and state space model (SSM) architectures have been proposed, advancing foundational DNA language models. However, there is a lack of comparison between these recent approaches and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yu Bo , Weian Mao , Yanjun Shao , Weiqiang Bai , Peng Ye , Xinzhu Ma , Junbo Zhao , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Recently, the development of pre-trained language models has brought natural language processing (NLP) tasks to the new state-of-the-art. In this paper we explore the efficiency of various pre-trained language models. We pre-train a list of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Tong Guo

Pretrained language models (PLMs) display impressive performances and have captured the attention of the NLP community. Establishing best practices in pretraining has, therefore, become a major focus of NLP research, especially since…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Timothee Mickus , Vincent Segonne , Jörg Tiedemann

Transformer-based models are now predominant in NLP. They outperform approaches based on static models in many respects. This success has in turn prompted research that reveals a number of biases in the language models generated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Alexander Henlein , Alexander Mehler

Vision transformers have become popular as a possible substitute to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for a variety of computer vision applications. These transformers, with their ability to focus on global relationships in images, offer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Asifullah Khan , Zunaira Rauf , Anabia Sohail , Abdul Rehman , Hifsa Asif , Aqsa Asif , Umair Farooq

Transformer-based models have transformed the landscape of natural language processing (NLP) and are increasingly applied to computer vision tasks with remarkable success. These models, renowned for their ability to capture long-range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Gracile Astlin Pereira , Muhammad Hussain

Deep convolutional neural networks have achieved great success in various applications. However, training an effective DNN model for a specific task is rather challenging because it requires a prior knowledge or experience to design the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Sheng-Jun Huang , Jia-Wei Zhao , Zhao-Yang Liu

Transformer model architectures have garnered immense interest lately due to their effectiveness across a range of domains like language, vision and reinforcement learning. In the field of natural language processing for example,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yi Tay , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Donald Metzler

Pre-trained models are nowadays a fundamental component of machine learning research. In continual learning, they are commonly used to initialize the model before training on the stream of non-stationary data. However, pre-training is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Andrea Cossu , Tinne Tuytelaars , Antonio Carta , Lucia Passaro , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Davide Bacciu

Phoneme recognition is a very important part of speech recognition that requires the ability to extract phonetic features from multiple frames. In this paper, we compare and analyze CNN, RNN, Transformer, and Conformer models using phoneme…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-04 Kyuhong Shim , Wonyong Sung

The advent of transformer-based architectures and large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the performance of natural language processing (NLP) models. Since these LLMs are trained on huge corpuses of data from the web and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Arkadeep Baksi , Rahul Singh , Tarun Joshi