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Deep learning based question answering (QA) on English documents has achieved success because there is a large amount of English training examples. However, for most languages, training examples for high-quality QA models are not available.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Hung-Yi Lee

In Machine Translation (MT) evaluation, metric performance is assessed based on agreement with human judgments. In recent years, automatic metrics have demonstrated increasingly high levels of agreement with humans. To gain a clearer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Lorenzo Proietti , Stefano Perrella , Roberto Navigli

Interpretability and efficiency are two important considerations for the adoption of neural automatic metrics. In this work, we develop strong-performing automatic metrics for reference-based summarization evaluation, based on a two-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yixin Liu , Alexander R. Fabbri , Yilun Zhao , Pengfei Liu , Shafiq Joty , Chien-Sheng Wu , Caiming Xiong , Dragomir Radev

Objectives: An SLR is presented focusing on text mining based automation of SLR creation. The present review identifies the objectives of the automation studies and the aspects of those steps that were automated. In so doing, the various ML…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Girish Sundaram , Daniel Berleant

Word-level quality estimation (WQE) aims to automatically identify fine-grained error spans in machine-translated outputs and has found many uses, including assisting translators during post-editing. Modern WQE techniques are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gabriele Sarti , Vilém Zouhar , Malvina Nissim , Arianna Bisazza

Machine Translation is the challenging problem for Indian languages. Every day we can see some machine translators being developed, but getting a high quality automatic translation is still a very distant dream . The correct translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Pooja Gupta , Nisheeth Joshi , Iti Mathur

In Machine Translation, assessing the quality of a large amount of automatic translations can be challenging. Automatic metrics are not reliable when it comes to high performing systems. In addition, resorting to human evaluators can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Vânia Mendonça , Ricardo Rei , Luisa Coheur , Alberto Sardinha , Ana Lúcia Santos

An important challenge in machine translation (MT) is to generate high-quality and diverse translations. Prior work has shown that the estimated likelihood from the MT model correlates poorly with translation quality. In contrast, quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Gonçalo R. A. Faria , Sweta Agrawal , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei , José G. C. de Souza , André F. T. Martins

As the quality of machine translation rises and neural machine translation (NMT) is moving from sentence to document level translations, it is becoming increasingly difficult to evaluate the output of translation systems. We provide a test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Kateřina Rysová , Magdaléna Rysová , Tomáš Musil , Lucie Poláková , Ondřej Bojar

In recent years, multi-modal machine translation has attracted significant interest in both academia and industry due to its superior performance. It takes both textual and visual modalities as inputs, leveraging visual context to tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huangjun Shen , Liangying Shao , Wenbo Li , Zhibin Lan , Zhanyu Liu , Jinsong Su

A large number of machine translation approaches have recently been developed to facilitate the fluid migration of content across languages. However, the literature suggests that many obstacles must still be dealt with to achieve better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Diego Moussallem , Matthias Wauer , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

Machine translation systems are expected to cope with various types of constraints in many practical scenarios. While neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved strong performance in unconstrained cases, it is non-trivial to impose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Shuo Wang , Peng Li , Zhixing Tan , Zhaopeng Tu , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu

With the advent of neural machine translation, there has been a marked shift towards leveraging and consuming the machine translation results. However, the gap between machine translation systems and human translators needs to be manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Jiayi Wang , Ke Wang , Niyu Ge , Yangbing Shi , Yu Zhao , Kai Fan

Translating lyrics for musicals presents unique challenges due to the need to ensure high translation quality while adhering to singability requirements such as length and rhyme. Existing song translation approaches often prioritize these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Zhuorui Ye , Jinhan Li , Rongwu Xu

Current state-of-the-art Quality Estimation (QE) in machine translation relies on massive, proprietary LLMs, raising data privacy concerns. We demonstrate that smaller, open-source LLMs (<30B parameters) are a viable, cost-effective and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kamil Guttmann , Zofia Fraś , Artur Nowakowski , Krzysztof Jassem

Providing quality scores along with Machine Translation (MT) output, so-called reference-free Quality Estimation (QE), is crucial to inform users about the reliability of the translation. We propose a model-specific, unsupervised QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Tu Anh Dinh , Tobias Palzer , Jan Niehues

Natural language processing technology has rapidly improved automated grammatical error correction tasks, and the community begins to explore document-level revision as one of the next challenges. To go beyond sentence-level automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Masato Mita , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Masato Hagiwara , Tomoya Mizumoto , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

This paper introduces an advanced methodology for machine translation (MT) corpus generation, integrating semi-automated, human-in-the-loop post-editing with large language models (LLMs) to enhance efficiency and translation quality.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Ahmet Gunduz , Abdul Baseet Anees , Hassan Sawaf

Reliable human evaluation is critical to the development of successful natural language generation models, but achieving it is notoriously difficult. Stability is a crucial requirement when ranking systems by quality: consistent ranking of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Parker Riley , Daniel Deutsch , George Foster , Viresh Ratnakar , Ali Dabirmoghaddam , Markus Freitag

Automatic Text Summarization (ATS), utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms, aims to create concise and accurate summaries, thereby significantly reducing the human effort required in processing large volumes of text. ATS has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yang Zhang , Hanlei Jin , Dan Meng , Jun Wang , Jinghua Tan