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Federated learning (FL) is a popular distributed machine learning (ML) paradigm, but is often limited by significant communication costs and edge device computation capabilities. Federated Split Learning (FSL) preserves the parallel model…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yujia Mu , Cong Shen

Federated learning (FL) is one of the popular distributed machine learning (ML) solutions but incurs significant communication and computation costs at edge devices. Federated split learning (FSL) can train sub-models in parallel and reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yujia Mu , Cong Shen

Federated learning (FL) enables massive distributed Information and Communication Technology (ICT) devices to learn a global consensus model without any participants revealing their own data to the central server. However, the practicality,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Zhikun Chen , Daofeng Li , Ming Zhao , Sihai Zhang , Jinkang Zhu

Federated learning (FL), as an emerging collaborative learning paradigm, has garnered significant attention due to its capacity to preserve privacy within distributed learning systems. In these systems, clients collaboratively train a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xi Zhu , Songcan Yu , Junbo Wang , Qinglin Yang

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning protocol that allows a set of participating agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. This makes FL particularly suitable for settings where data privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Rishabh Iyer

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm where multiple clients conduct local training based on their private data, then the updated models are sent to a central server for global aggregation. The practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Harsh Vardhan , Xiaofan Yu , Tajana Rosing , Arya Mazumdar

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning approach where local models are trained on distributed clients, allowing privacy-preserving collaboration by sharing model updates instead of raw data. However, the added…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Pratik Agrawal , Philipp Wiesner , Odej Kao

Federated Learning (FL) enables end-user devices to collaboratively train ML models without sharing raw data, thereby preserving data privacy. In FL, a central parameter server coordinates the learning process by iteratively aggregating the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Akash Dhasade , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Erick Lavoie , Johan Pouwelse , Rishi Sharma , Martijn de Vos

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm in which a large number of clients coordinate with a central server to learn a model without sharing their own training data. One central server is not enough, due to…

Model-free techniques, such as machine learning (ML), have recently attracted much interest towards the physical layer design, e.g., symbol detection, channel estimation, and beamforming. Most of these ML techniques employ centralized…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-09 Ahmet M. Elbir , Anastasios K. Papazafeiropoulos , Symeon Chatzinotas

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that allows to accomplish model training without aggregating data at a central server. Most studies on FL consider a centralized framework, in which a single server is endowed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Bin Wang , Jun Fang , Hongbin Li , Xiaojun Yuan , Qing Ling

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training of machine learning models over decentralized devices without exposing their local data. One of the major challenges in FL is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

In the era of advanced technologies, mobile devices are equipped with computing and sensing capabilities that gather excessive amounts of data. These amounts of data are suitable for training different learning models. Cooperated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Muhammad Asad , Ahmed Moustafa , Takayuki Ito , Muhammad Aslam

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm enabling collaborative model training on decentralized devices without exposing their local data. A key challenge in FL is the uneven data distribution across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning framework facilitating collaborative training across distributed clients. However, its performance is often compromised by data heterogeneity among participants, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Ziru Niu , Hai Dong , A. K. Qin

Federated learning (FL) supports training models on geographically distributed devices. However, traditional FL systems adopt a centralized synchronous strategy, putting high communication pressure and model generalization challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Jing Cao , Zirui Lian , Weihong Liu , Zongwei Zhu , Cheng Ji

Federated learning (FL) is a recently proposed distributed machine learning paradigm dealing with distributed and private data sets. Based on the data partition pattern, FL is often categorized into horizontal, vertical, and hybrid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Xinwei Zhang , Wotao Yin , Mingyi Hong , Tianyi Chen

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning setting that enables many devices to jointly train a shared global model without the need to reveal their data to a central server. However, FL involves a frequent exchange of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Yuzhi Yang , Zhaoyang Zhang , Qianqian Yang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, yet its performance deteriorates under statistical heterogeneity. Clustered Federated Learning addresses this challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mahad Ali , Laura J. Brattain