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Since Android has become a popular software platform for mobile devices recently; they offer almost the same functionality as personal computers. Malwares have also become a big concern. As the number of new Android applications tends to be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Muhammad Zuhair Qadir , Atif Nisar Jilani , Hassam Ullah Sheikh

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), mobile agents have emerged as promising tools for phone automation, simulating human interactions on screens to accomplish complex tasks. However, these agents often suffer from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shiquan Zhang , Tianyi Zhang , Le Fang , Simon D'Alfonso , Hong Jia , Vassilis Kostakos

Android is becoming ubiquitous and currently has the largest share of the mobile OS market with billions of application downloads from the official app market. It has also become the platform most targeted by mobile malware that are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-28 Mohammed K. Alzaylaee , Suleiman Y. Yerima , Sakir Sezer

The rapid development of GUI foundation models and mobile GUI agents has spurred numerous evaluation benchmarks, yet most rely on simulated environments or open-source applications, leaving real-world closed-source applications largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yifan Sui , Xin Huang , Hongbing Li , Fang Xu , Jiahe Lv , Haolong Yan , Yeqing Shen , Litao Liu , Zhimin Fan , Ziyang Meng , Jia Wang , Junbo Qi , Kaijun Tan , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang , Osamu Yoshie

The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is probably the most used and customized operating system for smartphones and IoT devices worldwide. Its market share and high adaptability makes Android an interesting operating system for many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Thomas Sutter

Like many desktop operating systems in the 1990s, Android is now in the process of including support for multi-user scenarios. Because these scenarios introduce new threats to the system, we should have an understanding of how well the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-29 Paul Ratazzi , Yousra Aafer , Amit Ahlawat , Hao Hao , Yifei Wang , Wenliang Du

Mobile applications are being used every day by more than half of the world's population to perform a great variety of tasks. With the increasingly widespread usage of these applications, the need arises for efficient techniques to test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Ariel Rosenfeld , Odaya Kardashov , Orel Zang

The emergent large language/multimodal models facilitate the evolution of mobile agents, especially in mobile UI task automation. However, existing evaluation approaches, which rely on human validation or established datasets to compare…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Li Zhang , Shihe Wang , Xianqing Jia , Zhihan Zheng , Yunhe Yan , Longxi Gao , Yuanchun Li , Mengwei Xu

Mobile developers face unique challenges when detecting and reporting crashes in apps due to their prevailing GUI event-driven nature and additional sources of inputs (e.g., sensor readings). To support developers in these tasks, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Kevin Moran , Mario Linares-Vásquez , Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas , Christopher Vendome , Denys Poshyvanyk

With the increasing prevalence of fraudulent Android applications such as fake and malicious applications, it is crucial to detect them with high accuracy and adaptability. We present AgentDroid, a novel tool for Android fraudulent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ruwei Pan , Hongyu Zhang , Zhonghao Jiang , Ran Hou

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the creation of intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks. This paper introduces a novel LLM-based multimodal agent framework designed to operate smartphone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Chi Zhang , Zhao Yang , Jiaxuan Liu , Yucheng Han , Xin Chen , Zebiao Huang , Bin Fu , Gang Yu

The open-source nature of the Android OS makes it possible for manufacturers to ship custom versions of the OS along with a set of pre-installed apps, often for product differentiation. Some device vendors have recently come under scrutiny…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Julien Gamba , Mohammed Rashed , Abbas Razaghpanah , Juan Tapiador , Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez

Android applications (apps) grow dramatically in recent years. Apps are user interface (UI) centric typically. Rapid UI responsiveness is key consideration to app developers. However, we still lack a handy tool for profiling app performance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Yu Kang , Yangfan Zhou , Hui Xu , Michael R. Lyu

Mobile applications (a.k.a., apps), which facilitate a large variety of tasks on mobile devices, have become indispensable in our everyday lives. Accomplishing a task may require the user to navigate among various apps. Unlike Web pages…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Ziniu Hu , Yun Ma , Qiaozhu Mei , Jian Tang

Mobile phones and tablets have become the most widely used computing devices, with a large predominance of the Android platform. As a natural evolution, the development of Android applications has surged and has become a major field of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Franz-Xaver Geiger , Ivano Malavolta

GUI testing checks if a software system behaves as expected when users interact with its graphical interface, e.g., testing specific functionality or validating relevant use case scenarios. Currently, deciding what to test at this high…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Juyeon Yoon , Robert Feldt , Shin Yoo

Automation of existing Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) is important but hard to achieve. Upstream of making the GUI user-accessible or somehow scriptable, even the data-collection to understand the original interface poses significant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Iason Chaimalas , Arnas Vyšniauskas , Gabriel Brostow

As mobile app usage continues to rise, so does the generation of extensive user interaction data, which includes actions such as swiping, zooming, or the time spent on a screen. Apps often collect a large amount of this data and claim to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Feiyang Tang , Bjarte M. Østvold

Numerous studies demonstrated that browser fingerprinting is detrimental to users' security and privacy. However, little is known about the effects of browser fingerprinting on Android hybrid apps -- where a stripped-down Chromium browser…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Abhishek Tiwari , Jyoti Prakash , Alimerdan Rahimov , Christian Hammer

UI design languages, such as Google's Material Design, make applications both easier to develop and easier to learn by providing a set of standard UI components. Nonetheless, it is hard to assess the impact of design languages in the wild.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Bardia Doosti , Tao Dong , Biplab Deka , Jeffrey Nichols