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In Web retrieval, there are many cases of competition between authors of Web documents: their incentive is to have their documents highly ranked for queries of interest. As such, the Web is a prominent example of a competitive search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tommy Mordo , Itamar Reinman , Moshe Tennenholtz , Oren Kurland

Many online services, such as search engines, social media platforms, and digital marketplaces, are advertised as being available to any user, regardless of their age, gender, or other demographic factors. However, there are growing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Rishabh Mehrotra , Ashton Anderson , Fernando Diaz , Amit Sharma , Hanna Wallach , Emine Yilmaz

This study embarked on a comprehensive exploration of user preferences between Search Engines and Large Language Models (LLMs) in the context of various information retrieval scenarios. Conducted with a sample size of 100 internet users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Kevin Matthe Caramancion

Search systems in online social media sites are frequently used to find information about ongoing events and people. For topics with multiple competing perspectives, such as political events or political candidates, bias in the top ranked…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-04-06 Juhi Kulshrestha , Motahhare Eslami , Johnnatan Messias , Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Saptarshi Ghosh , Krishna P. Gummadi , Karrie Karahalios

The Search Engine Results Page (SERP) has evolved significantly over the last two decades, moving away from the simple ten blue links paradigm to considerably more complex presentations that contain results from multiple verticals and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Nirmal Roy , David Maxwell , Claudia Hauff

Web search engines have marked everyone's life by transforming how one searches and accesses information. Search engines give special attention to the user interface, especially search engine result pages (SERP). The well-known ''10 blue…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-23 B. Oliveira , C. T. Lopes

Conversational search offers an easier and faster alternative to conventional web search, while having downsides like lack of source verification. Research has examined performance disparities between these two systems in different…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yitian Yang , Yugin Tan , Yang Chen Lin , Jung-Tai King , Zihan Liu , Yi-Chieh Lee

This study examined how AI-generated summaries, which have become visually prominent in online search results, affect how users think about different issues. In a preregistered randomized controlled experiment, participants (N = 2,004)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yiwei Xu , Saloni Dash , Sungha Kang , Wang Liao , Emma S. Spiro

User-centered approaches have been extensively studied and used in the area of struggling search. Related research has targeted key aspects of users such as user satisfaction or frustration, and search success or failure, using a variety of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Luyan Xu , Xuan Zhou , Ujwal Gadiraju

Opinionated users often seek information that aligns with their preexisting beliefs while dismissing contradictory evidence due to confirmation bias. This conduct hinders their ability to consider alternative stances when searching the web.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-23 F. M. Cau , N. Tintarev

This publication describes the motivation and generation of $Q_{bias}$, a large dataset of Google and Bing search queries, a scraping tool and dataset for biased news articles, as well as language models for the investigation of bias in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Fabian Haak , Philipp Schaer

Search engines are used and trusted by hundreds of millions of people every day. However, the algorithms used by search engines to index, filter, and rank web content are inherently biased, and will necessarily prefer some views and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Ronja Rönnback , Chris Emmery , Marie Šafář Postma , Filip Milde , Jan Charvát , Henry Brighton

The World Wide Web is a vast and continuously changing source of information where searching is a frequent, and sometimes critical, user task. Searching is not always the user's primary goal but an ancillary task that is performed to find…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Gabriela Bosetti , Sergio Firmenich , Alejandro Fernandez , Marco Winckler , Gustavo Rossi

Users rely on search engines for information in critical contexts, such as public health emergencies. Understanding how users evaluate the trustworthiness of search results is therefore essential. Research has identified rank and the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Sterling Williams-Ceci , Michael Macy , Mor Naaman

Our consumption of online information is mediated by filtering, ranking, and recommendation algorithms that introduce unintentional biases as they attempt to deliver relevant and engaging content. It has been suggested that our reliance on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Dimitar Nikolov , Mounia Lalmas , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer

Search engines intentionally influence user behavior by picking and ranking the list of results. Users engage with the highest results both because of their prominent placement and because they are typically the most relevant documents.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Richard Demsyn-Jones

Search engines play an important role in the context of modern elections. By curating information in response to user queries, search engines influence how individuals are informed about election-related developments and perceive the media…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Mykola Makhortykh , Tobias Rorhbach , Maryna Sydorova , Elizaveta Kuznetsova

Web search engines apply a variety of ranking signals to achieve user satisfaction, i.e., results pages that provide the best-possible results to the user. While these ranking signals implicitly consider credibility (e.g., by measuring…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-08-07 Dirk Lewandowski

When it comes to search engines, users generally prefer Google. Our study aims to find the differences between the results found in Google compared to other search engines. We compared the top 10 results from Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Nurce Yagci , Sebastian Sünkler , Helena Häußler , Dirk Lewandowski

Number of published scholarly articles is growing exponentially. To tackle this information overload, researchers are increasingly depending on niche academic search engines. Recent works have shown that two major general web search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Anasua Mitra , Amit Awekar