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Charged particles accelerated by electromagnetic fields emit radiation, which must, by the conservation of momentum, exert a recoil on the emitting particle. The force of this recoil, known as radiation reaction, strongly affects the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-03-31 T. G. Blackburn

Runaways are suprathermal electrons having sufficiently high energy to be continuously accelerated up to tens of MeV by a driving electric field [1]. Highly energetic runaway electron (RE) beams capable of damaging the tokamak first wall…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2018-08-14 Cristian Sommariva , Eric Nardon , Peter Beyer , Matthias Hoelzl , Guido Huijsman

Large-angle Coulomb collisions lead to an avalanching generation of runaway electrons in a plasma. We present the first fully conservative large-angle collision operator, derived from the relativistic Boltzmann operator. The relation to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2018-02-14 Ola Embréus , Adam Stahl , Tünde Fülöp

This work extends the adjoint-deep learning framework for runaway electron (RE) evolution developed in Ref. [C. McDevitt et al., A physics-constrained deep learning treatment of runaway electron dynamics, Submitted to Physics of Plasmas…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Christopher J. McDevitt , Jonathan Arnaud , Xian-Zhu Tang

Relativistic shocks accelerate particles by the first order Fermi mechanism. These particles then emit synchrotron emission in the post shock gas. We have developed a numerical code which integrates the relativistic Euler equations for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 T. P. Downes , P. Duffy , S. Komissarov

Several computer models exist to explain the observation of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). Some of these models estimate the electric field ahead of lightning leaders and its effects on electron acceleration and multiplication. In…

A new physical mechanism of formation of runaway electron (RE) beams during plasma disruptions in tokamaks is proposed. The plasma disruption is caused by a strong stochastic magnetic field formed due to nonlinearly excited low-mode number…

This work is concerned with the numerical simulation of plasma arc interaction with aerospace substrates under conditions akin to lightning strike and in particular with the accurate calculation of radiative heat losses. These are important…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 M. Apsley , S. T. Millmore , N. Nikiforakis

We propose a particle acceleration mechanism driven by large-amplitude Alfv\'en waves in a strong magnetic field. The acceleration process proceeds through multiple stages triggered by counterpropagating wave-particle resonant acceleration…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 S. Isayama , S. Matsukiyo , T. Sano , S. H. Chen

The TGF and Energetic Thunderstorm Rooftop Array (TETRA) is an array of NaI scintillators located at rooftop level on the campus of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. From July 2010 through March 2014, TETRA has detected…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-08-08 Rebecca Ringuette , Michael L. Cherry , Douglas Granger , T. Gregory Guzik , Michael Stewart , John P. Wefel

We propose a possibility of ultrarelativistic electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers at nearly all the viewing angles. Our proposed mechanism relies on the merger-shock propagation accelerating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-12-27 Koutarou Kyutoku , Kunihito Ioka , Masaru Shibata

Various particle accelerators operate in the space plasmas, filling the Galaxy with high energy particles, primary cosmic rays. Reaching the atmosphere of the earth, these particles originate extensive air showers consisting of millions of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-17 A. Chilingarian

Turbulence in highly magnetized plasma can be relativistic and induce an electric field comparable to the background magnetic field. Such a strong electric field can affect the emission process of non-thermal electrons. As the first step…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-05 Ryota Goto , Katsuaki Asano

Relativistic shocks provide an efficient method for high-energy particle acceleration in many astrophysical sources. Multiple shock systems are even more effective and of importance, for example, in the internal shock model of gamma-ray…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Paul Dempsey , Peter Duffy

Relativistic flows resulting from sudden explosive events upscatter ambient interstellar photons of local radiation fields. For Lorentz factor $ > 100$ and dense optical - UV radiation fields the emergent signal is a typical gamma ray…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Amotz Shemi

We investigate the effects of runaway electron current on the dispersion relation of resistive magnetohydrodynamic modes in tokamaks. We present a new theoretical model to derive the dispersion relation, which is based on the asymptotic…

During the recovery phase of a magnetic storm, fluxes of relativistic ($>1$ MeV) electrons in the inner magnetosphere ($3\le L \le 6$) increase to beyond pre-storm levels, reaching a peak about 4 days after the initiation of the storm. In…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Danny Summers , Chun-yu Ma

Avoidance of the harmful effects of runaway electrons (REs) in plasma-terminating disruptions is pivotal in the design of safety systems for magnetic fusion devices. Here, we describe a computationally efficient numerical tool, that allows…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 M. Hoppe , O. Embreus , T. Fülöp

Sandstorms are frequently accompanied by the generation of intense electric fields and lightning. In a very narrow region close to the ground level, sand particles undergo a charge exchange mechanism whereby larger (resp. smaller) sized…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-01-27 Mustafa Mutiur Rahman , Wan Cheng , Ravi Samtaney

The existence of a new phenomena - giant electron-gamma bursts is established. The bursts are generated in thunderclouds as a result of the combined action of runaway breakdown and extensive atmosphere showers (RB-EAS). The experiments were…