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Code sandboxes have emerged as a critical infrastructure for advancing the coding capabilities of large language models, providing verifiable feedback for both RL training and evaluation. However, existing systems fail to provide accurate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jiasheng Zheng , Xin Zheng , Boxi Cao , Pengbo Wang , Zhengzhao Ma , Qiming Zhu , Jiazhen Jiang , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Gradient boosted models are a fundamental machine learning technique. Robustness to small perturbations of the input is an important quality measure for machine learning models, but the literature lacks a method to prove the robustness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Gil Einziger , Maayan Goldstein , Yaniv Sa'ar , Itai Segall

Software testing and verification are critical for ensuring the reliability and security of modern software systems. Traditionally, formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving, have provided rigorous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Norbert Tihanyi , Tamas Bisztray , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Bilel Cherif , Richard A. Dubniczky , Ridhi Jain , Lucas C. Cordeiro

We study the robustness verification problem for tree-based models, including decision trees, random forests (RFs) and gradient boosted decision trees (GBDTs). Formal robustness verification of decision tree ensembles involves finding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Hongge Chen , Huan Zhang , Si Si , Yang Li , Duane Boning , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Machine learning-based static malware detectors remain vulnerable to adversarial evasion techniques, such as metamorphic engine mutations. To address this vulnerability, we propose a certifiably robust malware detection framework based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Nandakrishna Giri , Asmitha K. A. , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

We study the problem of formally verifying the robustness to adversarial examples of support vector machines (SVMs), a major machine learning model for classification and regression tasks. Following a recent stream of works on formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Francesco Ranzato , Marco Zanella

Decision tree ensembles are widely used in critical domains, making robustness and sensitivity analysis essential to their trustworthiness. We study the feature sensitivity problem, which asks whether an ensemble is sensitive to a specified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Namrita Varshney , Ashutosh Gupta , Arhaan Ahmad , Tanay V. Tayal , S. Akshay

Algorithmic verification of realistic systems to satisfy safety and other temporal requirements has suffered from poor scalability of the employed formal approaches. To design systems with rigorous guarantees, many approaches still rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-18 Oliver Schön , Zhengang Zhong , Sadegh Soudjani

Machine learning has proved invaluable for a range of different tasks, yet it also proved vulnerable to evasion attacks, i.e., maliciously crafted perturbations of input data designed to force mispredictions. In this paper we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Stefano Calzavara , Pietro Ferrara , Claudio Lucchese

We propose an algorithm to enhance certified robustness of a deep model ensemble by optimally weighting each base model. Unlike previous works on using ensembles to empirically improve robustness, our algorithm is based on optimizing a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-01 Huan Zhang , Minhao Cheng , Cho-Jui Hsieh

As one type of machine-learning model, a "decision-tree ensemble model" (DTEM) is represented by a set of decision trees. A DTEM is mainly known to be valid for structured data; however, like other machine-learning models, it is difficult…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Naoto Sato , Hironobu Kuruma , Yuichiroh Nakagawa , Hideto Ogawa

Robustness verification of neural networks, referring to formally proving that neural networks satisfy robustness properties, is of crucial importance in safety-critical applications, where model failures can result in loss of human life or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Minh Le , Phuong Cao

Formal verification of neural networks is an active topic of research, and recent advances have significantly increased the size of the networks that verification tools can handle. However, most methods are designed for verification of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Thomas A. Henzinger , Mathias Lechner , Đorđe Žikelić

Despite the functional success of deep neural networks (DNNs), their trustworthiness remains a crucial open challenge. To address this challenge, both testing and verification techniques have been proposed. But these existing techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Teodora Baluta , Zheng Leong Chua , Kuldeep S. Meel , Prateek Saxena

The topic of provable deep neural network robustness has raised considerable interest in recent years. Most research has focused on adversarial robustness, which studies the robustness of perceptive models in the neighbourhood of particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Julien Girard-Satabin , Guillaume Charpiat , Zakaria Chihani , Marc Schoenauer

The use of autonomous vehicles in real-world applications is often precluded by the difficulty of providing safety guarantees for their complex controllers. The simulation-based testing of these controllers cannot deliver sufficient safety…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Simon Foster , Mario Gleirscher , Radu Calinescu

Developing robust models against adversarial perturbations has been an active area of research and many algorithms have been proposed to train individual robust models. Taking these pretrained robust models, we aim to study whether it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Devvrit , Minhao Cheng , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Inderjit Dhillon

The importance of preventing microarchitectural timing side channels in security-critical applications has surged in recent years. Constant-time programming has emerged as a best-practice technique for preventing the leakage of secret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Lucas Deutschmann , Johannes Mueller , Mohammad Rahmani Fadiheh , Dominik Stoffel , Wolfgang Kunz

Hybrid systems with both discrete and continuous dynamics are an important model for real-world cyber-physical systems. The key challenge is to ensure their correct functioning w.r.t. safety requirements. Promising techniques to ensure…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-05-27 Stefan Mitsch , Grant Olney Passmore , Andre Platzer

We investigate an application in the automatic tuning of computer codes, an area of research that has come to prominence alongside the recent rise of distributed scientific processing and heterogeneity in high-performance computing…

Applications · Statistics 2013-04-17 Robert B. Gramacy , Matt Taddy , Stefan M. Wild