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Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) of a classical mechanical force detection results from quantum back action perturbing evolution of a mechanical system. In this paper we show that usage of a multidimensional optical transducer may enable a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 Sergey P. Vyatchanin , Albert I. Nazmiev , Andrey B. Matsko

Broadband multidimensional variational measurement allows to overcome Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) of a classical mechanical force detection, resulting from quantum back action, which perturbs evolution of a mechanical oscillator. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Aleksandr A. Movsisian , Sergey P. Vyatchanin

A broadband multidimensional variational measurement allows overcoming the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) of a classical mechanical force detection for a mechanical oscillator. In this measurement quantum back action, which perturbs the…

Quantum back action imposes fundamental sensitivity limits to the majority of quantum measurements. The effect results from the unavoidable contamination of the measured parameter with the quantum noise of a meter. Back action evading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-07 Sergey P. Vyatchanin , Andrey B. Matsko

Quantum mechanics dictates that the precision of physical measurements must be subject to certain constraints. In the case of inteferometric displacement measurements, these restrictions impose a 'standard quantum limit' (SQL), which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-13 David Mason , Junxin Chen , Massimiliano Rossi , Yeghishe Tsaturyan , Albert Schliesser

We apply the strategy of the back action evading measurement of a quadrature component of mechanical motion of a test mass to detection of a classical force acting on the mass (Science, 209, (1980) 547) and study both classical and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 Sergey P. Vyatchanin , Andrey B. Matsko

In the quest to develop viable designs for third-generation optical interferometric gravitational-wave detectors (e.g., LIGO-III and EURO), one strategy is to monitor the relative momentum or speed of the test-mass mirrors, rather than…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Patricia Purdue , Yanbei Chen

The optical lever is a centuries old and widely-used detection technique employed in applications ranging from consumer products, industrial sensors to precision force microscopes used in scientific research. However, despite the long…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Shan Hao , Thomas Purdy

Interferometers enable ultrasensitive measurement in a wide array of applications from gravitational wave searches to force microscopes. The role of quantum mechanics in the metrological limits of interferometers has a rich history, and a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 N. S. Kampel , R. W. Peterson , R. Fischer , P. -L. Yu , K. Cicak , R. W. Simmonds , K. W. Lehnert , C. A. Regal

Quantum mechanics places noise limits and sensitivity restrictions on physical measurements. The balance between unwanted backaction and the precision of optical measurements impose a standard quantum limit (SQL) on interferometric systems.…

According to quantum measurement theory, "speed meters" -- devices that measure the momentum, or speed, of free test masses -- are immune to the standard quantum limit (SQL). It is shown that a Sagnac-interferometer gravitational-wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Yanbei Chen

Optical interferometry is by far the most sensitive displacement measurement technique available, with sensitivities at the 10^-20 m/rootHz level in the large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers currently in operation. Second…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-03 P. Verlot , A. Tavernarakis , T. Briant , P. -F. Cohadon , A. Heidmann

The measurement of weak continuous forces exerted on a mechanical oscillator is a fundamental problem in various physical experiments. It is fundamentally impeded by quantum back-action from the meter used to sense the displacement of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Kentaro Komori , Takuya Kawasaki , Sotatsu Otabe , Yutaro Enomoto , Yuta Michimura , Masaki Ando

We show that back-action noise in interferometric measurements such as gravitational-waves detectors can be completely suppressed by a local control of mirrors motion. An optomechanical sensor with an optimized measurement strategy is used…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-17 J. -M. Courty , A. Heidmann , M. Pinard

We demonstrate a transducer of nanomechanical motion based on cavity enhanced optical near-fields capable of achieving a shot-noise limited imprecision more than 10 dB below the standard quantum limit (SQL). Residual background due to…

There exists the standard quantum limit (SQL), derived from Heisenberg's uncertainty relation, in the sensitivity of laser interferometer gravitational-wave detectors. However, in the context of a full quantum-mechanical approach, SQL can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Atsushi Nishizawa , Seiji Kawamura , Masa-aki Sakagami

We analyze the radiation pressure induced interaction of mirror motion and light fields in Michelson-type interferometers used for the detection of gravitational waves and for fundamental research in table-top quantum optomechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-03 Farid Ya. Khalili , Sergey P. Tarabrin , Roman Schnabel , Klemens Hammerer

We analyze the dynamic optomechanical back-action in signal-recycled Michelson and Michelson-Sagnac interferometers that are operated off dark port. We show that in this case --- and in contrast to the well-studied canonical form of dynamic…

Nanomechanical oscillators are at the heart of ultrasensitive detectors of force, mass and motion. As these detectors progress to even better sensitivity, they will encounter measurement limits imposed by the laws of quantum mechanics. For…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 J. D. Teufel , T. Donner , M. A. Castellanos-Beltran , J. W. Harlow , K. W. Lehnert

We theoretically investigate quantum measurement noise in a hybrid optomechanical system, focusing on radiation pressure back action and its impact on force sensing. The setup consists of an optomechanical cavity with a movable mirror, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Alolika Roy , Amarendra K. Sarma
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