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This paper evaluates six strategies for mitigating imbalanced data: oversampling, undersampling, ensemble methods, specialized algorithms, class weight adjustments, and a no-mitigation approach referred to as the baseline. These strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Jacques Wainer

Robots should be able to learn complex behaviors from human demonstrations. In practice, these human-provided datasets are inevitably imbalanced: i.e., the human demonstrates some subtasks more frequently than others. State-of-the-art…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Sagar Parekh , Heramb Nemlekar , Dylan P. Losey

Deep learning models tend to memorize training data, which hurts their ability to generalize to under-represented classes. We empirically study a convolutional neural network's internal representation of imbalanced image data and measure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Damien Dablain , Colin Bellinger , Bartosz Krawczyk , Nitesh Chawla

Imbalanced classification and spurious correlation are common challenges in data science and machine learning. Both issues are linked to data imbalance, with certain groups of data samples significantly underrepresented, which in turn would…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Ryumei Nakada , Yichen Xu , Lexin Li , Linjun Zhang

Classification imbalance arises when one class is much rarer than the other. We frame this setting as transfer learning under label (prior) shift between an imbalanced source distribution induced by the observed data and a balanced target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-16 Eric Xia , Jason M. Klusowski

Class imbalance problems manifest in domains such as financial fraud detection or network intrusion analysis, where the prevalence of one class is much higher than another. Typically, practitioners are more interested in predicting the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-16 Peter Xenopoulos

This paper presents the performance of a classifier built using the stackingC algorithm in nine different data sets. Each data set is generated using a sampling technique applied on the original imbalanced data set. Five new sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-20 Maureen Lyndel C. Lauron , Jaderick P. Pabico

Class imbalance would lead to biased classifiers that favor the majority class and disadvantage the minority class. Unfortunately, from a practical perspective, the minority class is of importance in many real-life applications. Hybrid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wenbin Pei , Ruohao Dai , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Yiu-Ming Cheung , Shuyin Xia

Background: Machine learning techniques have been widely used and demonstrate promising performance in many software security tasks such as software vulnerability prediction. However, the class ratio within software vulnerability datasets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Rui Shu , Tianpei Xia , Laurie Williams , Tim Menzies

The class imbalance problem is important and challenging. Ensemble approaches are widely used to tackle this problem because of their effectiveness. However, existing ensemble methods are always applied into original samples, while not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Fan Li , Xiaoheng Zhang , Yongming Li , Pin Wang

This study examines the impact of class-imbalanced data on deep learning models and proposes a technique for data balancing by generating synthetic data for the minority class. Unlike random-based oversampling, our method prioritizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Hung Nguyen , Morris Chang

Real world datasets are heavily skewed where some classes are significantly outnumbered by the other classes. In these situations, machine learning algorithms fail to achieve substantial efficacy while predicting these under-represented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Mimi Mukherjee , Matloob Khushi

Many real-world applications reveal difficulties in learning classifiers from imbalanced data. The rising big data era has been witnessing more classification tasks with large-scale but extremely imbalance and low-quality datasets. Most of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Zhining Liu , Wei Cao , Zhifeng Gao , Jiang Bian , Hechang Chen , Yi Chang , Tie-Yan Liu

This paper introduces Residual-based Smote (RSmote), an innovative local adaptive sampling technique tailored to improve the performance of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) through imbalanced learning strategies. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jiaqi Luo , Yahong Yang , Yuan Yuan , Shixin Xu , Wenrui Hao

For the last two decades, oversampling has been employed to overcome the challenge of learning from imbalanced datasets. Many approaches to solving this challenge have been offered in the literature. Oversampling, on the other hand, is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Ahmad B. Hassanat , Ahmad S. Tarawneh , Ghada A. Altarawneh , Abdullah Almuhaimeed

Biological sequence analysis is an essential step toward building a deeper understanding of the underlying functions, structures, and behaviors of the sequences. It can help in identifying the characteristics of the associated organisms,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Taslim Murad , Sarwan Ali , Murray Patterson

Traditionally, in supervised machine learning, (a significant) part of the available data (usually 50% to 80%) is used for training and the rest for validation. In many problems, however, the data is highly imbalanced in regard to different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Xiaowei Gu , Plamen P Angelov , Eduardo Almeida Soares

Class imbalance, overlap, and noise degrade data quality, reduce model reliability, and limit generalization. Although widely studied in binary classification, these issues remain underexplored in multi-class settings, where complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Soufiane Bacha , Laouni Djafri , Sahraoui Dhelim , Huansheng Ning

Many computer vision systems require low-cost segmentation algorithms based on deep learning, either because of the enormous size of input images or limited computational budget. Common solutions uniformly downsample the input images to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Chen Jin , Ryutaro Tanno , Thomy Mertzanidou , Eleftheria Panagiotaki , Daniel C. Alexander

Classification data sets with skewed class proportions are called imbalanced. Class imbalance is a problem since most machine learning classification algorithms are built with an assumption of equal representation of all classes in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Azal Ahmad Khan
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