Related papers: Rare Disease Identification from Clinical Notes wi…

Computational text phenotyping is the practice of identifying patients with certain disorders and traits from clinical notes. Rare diseases are challenging to be identified due to few cases available for machine learning and the need for…

Rare diseases pose significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to their low prevalence and heterogeneous clinical presentations. Unstructured clinical notes contain valuable information for identifying rare diseases, but manual…

Despite rare diseases affecting 1 in 10 Americans, their differential diagnosis remains challenging. Due to their impressive recall abilities, large language models (LLMs) have been recently explored for differential diagnosis. Existing…

Although rare diseases are characterized by low prevalence, approximately 300 million people are affected by a rare disease. The early and accurate diagnosis of these conditions is a major challenge for general practitioners, who do not…

Healthcare providers usually record detailed notes of the clinical care delivered to each patient for clinical, research, and billing purposes. Due to the unstructured nature of these narratives, providers employ dedicated staff to assign…

Tools to explore scientific literature are essential for scientists, especially in biomedicine, where about a million new papers are published every year. Many such tools provide users the ability to search for specific entities (e.g.…

In the electronic health record, using clinical notes to identify entities such as disorders and their temporality (e.g. the order of an event relative to a time index) can inform many important analyses. However, creating training data for…

Identifying patient diagnoses from discharge letters is essential to enable large-scale cohort selection and epidemiological research, but traditional supervised approaches rely on extensive manual annotation, which is often impractical for…

The unstructured nature of clinical notes within electronic health records often conceals vital patient-related information, making it challenging to access or interpret. To uncover this hidden information, specialized Natural Language…

In this work, we propose a method for the automated refinement of subject annotations in biomedical literature at the level of concepts. Semantic indexing and search of biomedical articles in MEDLINE/PubMed are based on semantic subject…

Retrieval-augmented learning based on radiology reports has emerged as a promising direction to improve performance on long-tail medical imaging tasks, such as rare disease detection in chest X-rays. Most existing methods rely on comparing…

Computer-aided diagnosis system for diffuse lung diseases (DLDs) is necessary for the objective assessment of the lung diseases. In this paper, we develop semantic segmentation model for 5 kinds of DLDs. DLDs considered in this work are…

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising solutions for text summarization. However, some domains require specific information to be available in the summaries. Generating these domain-adapted summaries is still an open challenge.…

Clinical text is rich in information, with mentions of treatment, medication and anatomy among many other clinical terms. Multiple terms can refer to the same core concepts which can be referred as a clinical entity. Ontologies like the…

Accurate healthcare prediction is essential for improving patient outcomes. Existing work primarily leverages advanced frameworks like attention or graph networks to capture the intricate collaborative (CO) signals in electronic health…

A Chief complaint (CC) is the reason for the medical visit as stated in the patient's own words. It helps medical professionals to quickly understand a patient's situation, and also serves as a short summary for medical text mining.…

In this work, we consider the medical concept normalization problem, i.e., the problem of mapping a disease mention in free-form text to a concept in a controlled vocabulary, usually to the standard thesaurus in the Unified Medical Language…

Named Entity Recognition (NER) in the rare disease domain poses unique challenges due to limited labeled data, semantic ambiguity between entity types, and long-tail distributions. In this study, we evaluate the capabilities of GPT-4o for…

Entity recognition is a critical first step to a number of clinical NLP applications, such as entity linking and relation extraction. We present the first attempt to apply state-of-the-art entity recognition approaches on a newly released…

Recently, there is an effort to extend fine-grained entity typing by using a richer and ultra-fine set of types, and labeling noun phrases including pronouns and nominal nouns instead of just named entity mentions. A key challenge for this…