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Large language models (LLMs) typically require fine-tuning for domain-specific tasks, and LoRA offers a computationally efficient approach by training low-rank adapters. LoRA is also communication-efficient for federated LLMs when multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ming Wen , Jiaqi Zhu , Yuedong Xu , Yipeng Zhou , Dingding Han

This research addresses privacy protection in Natural Language Processing (NLP) by introducing a novel algorithm based on differential privacy, aimed at safeguarding user data in common applications such as chatbots, sentiment analysis, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Shaobo Liu , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Yuanshuai Luo , Linxiao Wu , Rui Wang

Recent large-scale natural language processing (NLP) systems use a pre-trained Large Language Model (LLM) on massive and diverse corpora as a headstart. In practice, the pre-trained model is adapted to a wide array of tasks via fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Jimit Majmudar , Christophe Dupuy , Charith Peris , Sami Smaili , Rahul Gupta , Richard Zemel

Privacy-sensitive users require deploying large language models (LLMs) within their own infrastructure (on-premises) to safeguard private data and enable customization. However, vulnerabilities in local environments can lead to unauthorized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Hanbo Huang , Yihan Li , Bowen Jiang , Bo Jiang , Lin Liu , Ruoyu Sun , Zhuotao Liu , Shiyu Liang

Deep learning models for NLP tasks are prone to variants of privacy attacks. To prevent privacy leakage, researchers have investigated word-level perturbations, relying on the formal guarantees of differential privacy (DP) in the embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tianhao Huang , Tao Yang , Ivan Habernal , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

Differential privacy is a privacy measure based on the difficulty of discriminating between similar input data. In differential privacy analysis, similar data usually implies that their distance does not exceed a predetermined threshold.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-25 Genki Sugiura , Kaito Ito , Kenji Kashima

Recently differential privacy has been used for a number of streaming, data structure, and dynamic graph problems as a means of hiding the internal randomness of the data structure, so that multiple possibly adaptive queries can be made…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Shiyuan Feng , Ying Feng , George Z. Li , Zhao Song , David P. Woodruff , Lichen Zhang

Differential privacy is a popular privacy-enhancing technology that has been deployed both in industry and government agencies. Unfortunately, existing explanations of differential privacy fail to set accurate privacy expectations for data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mary Anne Smart , Priyanka Nanayakkara , Rachel Cummings , Gabriel Kaptchuk , Elissa Redmiles

Liquid Haskell's refinement-reflection feature augments the Haskell language with theorem proving capabilities, allowing programmers to retrofit their existing code with proofs. But many of these proofs require routine, boilerplate code…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Ryan Scott , Vikraman Choudhury , Ryan Newton , Niki Vazou , Ranjit Jhala

As the issues of privacy and trust are receiving increasing attention within the research community, various attempts have been made to anonymize textual data. A significant subset of these approaches incorporate differentially private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Justus Mattern , Benjamin Weggenmann , Florian Kerschbaum

To protect the privacy of individuals whose data is being shared, it is of high importance to develop methods allowing researchers and companies to release textual data while providing formal privacy guarantees to its originators. In the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Justus Mattern , Zhijing Jin , Benjamin Weggenmann , Bernhard Schoelkopf , Mrinmaya Sachan

Traditional approaches to differential privacy assume a fixed privacy requirement $\epsilon$ for a computation, and attempt to maximize the accuracy of the computation subject to the privacy constraint. As differential privacy is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Katrina Ligett , Seth Neel , Aaron Roth , Bo Waggoner , Z. Steven Wu

Machine learning models should not reveal particular information that is not otherwise accessible. Differential privacy provides a formal framework to mitigate privacy risks by ensuring that the inclusion or exclusion of any single data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Francisco Aguilera-Martínez , Fernando Berzal

The rise of reinforcement learning (RL) in critical real-world applications demands a fundamental rethinking of privacy in AI systems. Traditional privacy frameworks, designed to protect isolated data points, fall short for sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Cheston Tan , Roger Wattenhofer , Yew-Soon Ong

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed natural language understanding and generation, but they raise privacy concerns due to potential exposure of sensitive information. Studies have highlighted the risk of information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Bishnu Bhusal , Manoj Acharya , Ramneet Kaur , Colin Samplawski , Anirban Roy , Adam D. Cobb , Rohit Chadha , Susmit Jha

Numerous companies have started offering services based on large language models (LLM), such as ChatGPT, which inevitably raises privacy concerns as users' prompts are exposed to the model provider. Previous research on secure reasoning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Yu Chen , Tingxin Li , Huiming Liu , Yang Yu

We study gradient descent under linearly correlated noise. Our work is motivated by recent practical methods for optimization with differential privacy (DP), such as DP-FTRL, which achieve strong performance in settings where privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Anastasia Koloskova , Ryan McKenna , Zachary Charles , Keith Rush , Brendan McMahan

Recent developments in deep learning have led to great success in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, these applications may involve data that contain sensitive information. Therefore, how to achieve good performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Lijie Hu , Ivan Habernal , Lei Shen , Di Wang

Haskell provides type-class-bounded and parametric polymorphism as opposed to subtype polymorphism of object-oriented languages such as Java and OCaml. It is a contentious question whether Haskell 98 without extensions, or with common…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Oleg Kiselyov , Ralf Laemmel

Differential privacy mechanisms such as the Gaussian or Laplace mechanism have been widely used in data analytics for preserving individual privacy. However, they are mostly designed for continuous outputs and are unsuitable for scenarios…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Zhongteng Cai , Xueru Zhang , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili