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This manuscript aims to generate a secret key for a PHY layer to evaluate the channel characteristics in wireless communications. An algorithmic approach is adopted for multimedia encryption to generate a secret key between two entities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-08-07 B. U. V Prashanth , Y. Pandurangaiah

Physical-layer key generation (PKG) can generate symmetric keys between two communication ends based on the reciprocal uplink and downlink channels. By smartly reconfiguring the radio signal propagation, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-04 You Chen , Guyue Li , Cunhua Pan , Lei Hu , Aiqun Hu

In this paper, a multilayer perceptron guided key generation for encryption/decryption (MLPKG) has been proposed through recursive replacement using mutated character code generation for wireless communication of data/information.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-14 Arindam Sarkar , J. K. Mandal

Physical-layer security (PLS) has the potential to strongly enhance the overall system security as an alternative to or in combination with conventional cryptographic primitives usually implemented at higher network layers. Secret-key…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 François Rottenberg , Trung-Hien Nguyen , Jean-Michel Dricot , François Horlin , Jérôme Louveaux

Physical-layer key generation methods utilize the variations of the communication channel to achieve a secure key agreement between two parties with no prior security association. Their secrecy rate (bit generation rate) depends heavily on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-08 Jordan L. Melcher , Yao Zheng , Dylan Anthony , Matthew Troglia , Yanjun Pan , Ming Li , Thomas Yang , Alvin Yang , Samson Aggelopoulos

Secret-key generation and agreement based on wireless channel reciprocity offers a promising avenue for securing IoT networks. However, existing approaches predominantly rely on the similarity of instantaneous channel measurement samples…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nora Basha , Bechir Hamdaoui , Attila A. Yavuz , Thang Hoang , Mehran Mozaffari Kermani

It is well known that physical-layer Group Secret-Key (GSK) generation techniques allow multiple nodes of a wireless network to synthesize a common secret-key, which can be subsequently used to keep their group messages confidential. As one…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-06 J. Harshan , Rohit Joshi , Manish Rao

The multipath-rich wireless environment associated with typical wireless usage scenarios is characterized by a fading channel response that is time-varying, location-sensitive, and uniquely shared by a given transmitter-receiver pair. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-10-28 Chunxuan Ye , Suhas Mathur , Alex Reznik , Yogendra Shah , Wade Trappe , Narayan Mandayam

This work presents a novel method to generate secret keys shared between a legitimate node pair (Alice and Bob) to safeguard the communication between them from an unauthorized node (Eve). To this end, we exploit the {\it reciprocal carrier…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Waqas Aman , Aneeqa Ijaz , M. Mahboob Ur Rahman , Dushanta Nalin K. Jayakody , Haris Pervaiz

Physical layer key generation is a promising candidate for cryptographic key establishment between two wireless communication parties. It offers information-theoretic security and is an attractive alternative to public-key techniques. Here,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Paul Staat , Harald Elders-Boll , Markus Heinrichs , Rainer Kronberger , Christian Zenger , Christof Paar

Cellular communication technologies such as 5G are deployed on a large scale around the world. Compared to other communication technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth, or Ultra Wideband, the 5G communication standard describes support for a…

The bloom of the fifth generation (5G) communication and beyond serves as a catalyst for physical layer key generation techniques. In 5G communications systems, many challenges in traditional physical layer key generation schemes, such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-29 Long Jiao , Ning Wang , Pu Wang , Amir Alipour-Fanid , Jie Tang , Kai Zeng

This paper investigates the role of the eavesdropper's statistics in the implementation of a practical secret-key generation system. We carefully conduct the information-theoretic analysis of a secret-key generation system from wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-18 Alexandre J. Pierrot , Rémi A. Chou , Matthieu R. Bloch

We develop a theory for long-distance quantum key distribution based on concatenated entanglement swapping using parametric down-conversion sources and show numerical results of our model. The model incorporates practical resources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-09 Aeysha Khalique , Barry C. Sanders

Motivated by the constant modulus property of frequency shift keying (FSK) based waveforms and the stabilisation of its radar performance with an increase in the number of subpulses, in this paper an FSK-based dynamic subpulse number joint…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Tian Han , Peter J Smith , Urbashi Mitra , Jamie S Evans , Robin Evans , Rajitha Senanayake

A feasible route towards implementing long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) systems relies on probabilistic schemes for entanglement distribution and swapping as proposed in the work of Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller (DLCZ) [Nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Jeyran Amirloo , Mohsen Razavi , A. Hamed Majedi

We consider problems of two-user secret key generation through an intermediate relay. Each user observes correlated source sequences and communicates to the relay over rate-limited noiseless links. The relay processes and broadcasts…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-27 Kittipong Kittichokechai , Rafael F. Schaefer , Giuseppe Caire

This paper investigates physical-layer key generation (PLKG) in multi-antenna base station systems, by leveraging a fluid antenna system (FAS) to dynamically customize radio environments. Without requiring additional nodes or extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Zhiyu Huang , Guyue Li , Hao Xu , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Physical layer secret key generation exploits the reciprocal channel randomness for key generation and has proven to be an effective addition security layer in wireless communications. However, static or scarcely random channels require…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Zhuangkun Wei , Weisi Guo

Physical layer key generation (PLKG) is a promising technology to obtain symmetric keys between a pair of wireless communication users in a plug-and-play manner. The shared entropy source almost entirely comes from the intrinsic randomness…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Ning Gao , Yu Han , Nannan Li , Shi Jin , Michail Matthaiou