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In pharmacoepidemiology, safety and effectiveness are frequently evaluated using readily available administrative and electronic health records data. In these settings, detailed confounder data are often not available in all data sources…

There is growing interest in developing causal inference methods for multi-valued treatments with a focus on pairwise average treatment effects. Here we focus on a clinically important, yet less-studied estimand: causal drug-drug…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-20 Di Shu , Peisong Han , Sean Hennessy , Todd A Miano

The difference-in-differences (DiD) design is a quasi-experimental method for estimating treatment effects. In staggered DiD with multiple treatment groups and periods, estimation based on the two-way fixed effects model yields negative…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Yuhao Deng , Le Kang

Most epidemiologic cohorts are composed of volunteers who do not represent the general population. To enable population inference from cohorts, we and others have proposed utilizing probability survey samples as external references to…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-01 Lingxiao Wang , Barry I. Graubard , Hormuzd A. Katki , Yan Li

Evaluating the performance of a prediction model is a common task in medical statistics. Standard accuracy metrics require the observation of the true outcomes. This is typically not possible in the setting with time-to-event outcomes due…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-18 Zhenwei Yang , Dimitris Rizopoulos , Lisa F. Newcomb , Nicole S. Erler

A basic principle in the design of observational studies is to approximate the randomized experiment that would have been conducted under controlled circumstances. Now, linear regression models are commonly used to analyze observational…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-08 Ambarish Chattopadhyay , Jose R. Zubizarreta

Estimating causal effects in the presence of spillover among individuals embedded within a social network is often challenging with missing information. The spillover effect is the effect of an intervention if a participant is not exposed…

In partially linear additive models the response variable is modelled with a linear component on a subset of covariates and an additive component in which the rest of the covariates enter to the model as a sum of univariate unknown…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-19 Alejandra Mercedes Martínez

Estimation of a precision matrix (i.e., inverse covariance matrix) is widely used to exploit conditional independence among continuous variables. The influence of abnormal observations is exacerbated in a high dimensional setting as the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-17 Peng Tang , Huijing Jiang , Heeyoung Kim , Xinwei Deng

In longitudinal observational studies, marginal structural models (MSMs) are a class of causal models used to analyse the effect of an exposure on the (time-to-event) outcome of interest, while accounting for exposure-affected…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-04 Marta Spreafico

The growing availability of large health databases has expanded the use of observational studies for comparative effectiveness research. Unlike randomized trials, observational studies must adjust for systematic differences in patient…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Haidong Lu , Fan Li , Laine E. Thomas , Fan Li

Learning models whose predictions are invariant under multiple environments is a promising approach for out-of-distribution generalization. Such models are trained to extract features $X_{\text{inv}}$ where the conditional distribution $Y…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Gina Wong , Joshua Gleason , Rama Chellappa , Yoav Wald , Anqi Liu

One of the fundamental challenges in drawing causal inferences from observational studies is that the assumption of no unmeasured confounding is not testable from observed data. Therefore, assessing sensitivity to this assumption's…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-25 Md Abdul Basit , Mahbub A. H. M. Latif , Abdus S Wahed

Nonresponse frequently arises in practice, and simply ignoring it may lead to erroneous inference. Besides, the number of collected covariates may increase as the sample size in modern statistics, so parametric imputation or propensity…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-29 Xin He , Xiaojun Mao , Zhonglei Wang

In estimating the average treatment effect in observational studies, the influence of confounders should be appropriately addressed. To this end, the propensity score is widely used. If the propensity scores are known for all the subjects,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-08 Chengyao Tang , Yi Zhou , Ao Huang , Satoshi Hattori

In modern recommendation systems, unbiased learning-to-rank (LTR) is crucial for prioritizing items from biased implicit user feedback, such as click data. Several techniques, such as Inverse Propensity Weighting (IPW), have been proposed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Keisho Oh , Naoki Nishimura , Minje Sung , Ken Kobayashi , Kazuhide Nakata

This paper develops an updatable inverse probability weighting (UIPW) estimation for the generalized linear models with response missing at random in streaming data sets. A two-step online updating algorithm is provided for the proposed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Xianhua Zhang , Lu lin , Qihua Wang

Large observational datasets, including those derived from electronic health records, are a valuable resource for medical research but are often affected by missingness, measurement error, and misclassification. Two-phase sampling with…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-23 Jasper B. Yang , Bryan E. Shepherd , Thomas Lumley , Pamela A. Shaw

Propensity score weighting is widely used to improve the representativeness and correct the selection bias in the voluntary sample. The propensity score is often developed using a model for the sampling probability, which can be subject to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-20 Hengfang Wang , Jae Kwang Kim

The crosswise model is an increasingly popular survey technique to elicit candid answers from respondents on sensitive questions. Recent studies, however, point out that in the presence of inattentive respondents, the conventional estimator…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-21 Yuki Atsusaka , Randolph T. Stevenson