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An appropriate system model gives developers a better overview, and the ability to fix more inconsistencies more effectively and earlier in system development, reducing overall effort and cost. However, modelling assumes abstraction of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Maria Spichkova , Heinrich Schmidt , Ian Peake

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) can be found everywhere: smart homes, autonomous vehicles, aircrafts, healthcare, agriculture and industrial production lines. CPSs are often critical, as system failure can cause serious damage to property and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Richárd Szabó , András Vörös

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) operate in dynamic environments, leading to different types of uncertainty. This work provides a comprehensive review of uncertainty representations and categorizes them based on the dimensions used to represent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Johannes Mäkelburg , Diego Perez-Palacin , Raffaela Mirandola , Maribel Acosta

Failures in safety-critical Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), both software and hardware-related, can lead to severe incidents impacting physical infrastructure or even harming humans. As a result, extensive simulations and field tests need to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ankit Agrawal , Philipp Zech , Michael Vierhauser

The ability to capture different levels of abstraction in a system model is especially important for remote integration, testing/verification, and manufacturing of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). However, the complexity of modelling and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Maria Spichkova , Anna Zamansky , Eitan Farchi

Characterizing attacker behavior with respect to Cyber-Physical Systems is important to assuring the security posture and resilience of these systems. Classical cyber vulnerability assessment approaches rely on the knowledge and experience…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Christopher Deloglos , Carl Elks , Ashraf Tantawy

Cyber-physical systems are at the intersection of digital technology and engineering domains, rendering them high-value targets of sophisticated and well-funded cybersecurity threat actors. Prominent cybersecurity attacks on CPS have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shaofei Huang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Lwin Khin Shar

Principles of modern cyber-physical system (CPS) analysis are based on analytical methods that depend on whether safety or liveness requirements are considered. Complexity is abstracted through different techniques, ranging from stochastic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Eric M. S. P. Veith , Lars Fischer , Martin Tröschel , Astrid Nieße

Traditional Cyber-physical Systems(CPSs) were not built with cybersecurity in mind. They operated on separate Operational Technology (OT) networks. As these systems now become more integrated with Information Technology (IT) networks based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Ameerah-Muhsinah Jamil , Lotfi ben Othmane , Altaz Valani

Systems modeling practice lacks security analysis tools that can interface with modeling languages to facilitate security by design. Security by design is a necessity in the age of safety critical cyber-physical systems, where security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Georgios Bakirtzis , Garrett L. Ward , Christopher J. Deloglos , Carl R. Elks , Barry M. Horowitz , Cody H. Fleming

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) embed software into the physical world. They appear in a wide range of applications such as smart grids, robotics, intelligent manufacture and medical monitoring. CPSs have proved resistant to modeling due to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Ye Yuan , Xiuchuan Tang , Wei Pan , Xiuting Li , Wei Zhou , Hai-Tao Zhang , Han Ding , Jorge Goncalves

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are often safety-critical and deployed in uncertain environments. Identifying scenarios where CPSs do not comply with requirements is fundamental but difficult due to the multidisciplinary nature of CPSs. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Claudio Mandrioli , Seung Yeob Shin , Martina Maggio , Domenico Bianculli , Lionel Briand

Designing a Cyber-Physical System (CPS), including modeling the control components and services, is a challenging task. Using models and simulations during run-time is crucial for successfully implementing advanced control and prediction…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Raheleh Biglari , Joachim Denil

Context: Safety is of paramount importance for cyber-physical systems in domains such as automotive, robotics, and avionics. Formal methods such as model checking are one way to ensure the safety of cyber-physical systems. However, adoption…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Arut Prakash Kaleeswaran , Arne Nordmann , Thomas Vogel , Lars Grunske

Formal modeling of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is hard, because they pose the double challenge of combined discrete-continuous dynamics and concurrent behavior. Existing formal specification and verification languages for CPS are designed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-14 Eduard Kamburjan , Stefan Mitsch , Martina Kettenbach , Reiner Hähnle

Development of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) requires close interaction between developers with expertise in many domains to achieve ever-increasing demands for improved performance, reduced cost, and more system autonomy. Each engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Charles Hartsell , Nagabhushan Mahadevan , Harmon Nine , Ted Bapty , Abhishek Dubey , Gabor Karsai

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are systems controlled by one or more computer-based components tightly integrated with a set of physical components, typically described as sensors and actuators, that can either be directly attached to the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Andre Metelo , Christiano Braga , Diego Brandão

Software verification may yield spurious failures when environment assumptions are not accounted for. Environment assumptions are the expectations that a system or a component makes about its operational environment and are often specified…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Khouloud Gaaloul , Claudio Menghi , Shiva Nejati , Lionel C. Briand , Yago Isasi Parache

Due to major breakthroughs in software and engineering technologies, embedded systems are increasingly being utilized in areas ranging from aerospace and next-generation transportation systems, to smart grid and smart cities, to health care…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Adnan Rashid , Umair Siddique , Sofiene Tahar

Biological systems are often modeled as a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with time-invariant parameters. However, cell signaling events or pharmacological interventions may alter the cellular state and induce multi-mode…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-04-28 Bing Liu
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