Related papers: Effective temperatures for single particle system …
This paper suggests using the configurational temperature $\Tc$ for quantifying how far an active-matter system is from thermal equilibrium. We measure this ``distance'' by the ratio of the systemic temperature $\Ts$ to $\Tc$, where $\Ts$…
We study two small quantum systems coupled to the same reservoir which is in thermal equilibrium. By studying the particle density and the energy density in the two systems before and after they contact each other, we find that the two…
The effective theory of an open boson or fermion system is studied, which evolves out of equilibrium with time-dependent Hamiltonian $\hat{H}(t)$. A measure of nonequilibrium temperature for the open system evolving from an equilibrium is…
Frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain nanomagnets provide important model systems for statistical mechanics, because they map closely onto well-studied vertex models and are amenable to direct imaging and custom engineering.…
The dynamics within active fluids, driven by internal activity of the self-propelled particles, is a subject of intense study in non-equilibrium physics. These systems have been explored using simulations, where the motion of a passive…
The equivalent external noise temperature of time-varying antennas is studied using the concept of cross-frequency effective aperture, which quantifies the intermodulation conversion of external noise across the frequency spectrum into a…
The compressibility, zero sound dispersion, and effective mass of a gas of fermionic dipolar molecules is calculated at finite temperature for one-, two-, and three-dimensional uniform systems, and in a multilayer quasi-two-dimensional…
It is known that temperature estimates of macroscopic systems in equilibrium are most precise when their energy fluctuations are large. However, for nanoscale systems deviations from standard thermodynamics arise due to their interactions…
In this Letter, we present a new experimental approach to investigate the effective temperature concept as a generalization of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) for nonequilibrium systems. Simultaneous measurements of diffusion…
After negative temperature is restated, we find that it will derive necessarily decrease of entropy. Negative temperature is based on the Kelvin scale and the condition dU>0 and dS<0. Conversely, there is also negative temperature for dU<0…
For a high temperature non-Abelian plasma, we reformulate the hard thermal loop approximation as an effective classical thermal field theory for the soft modes. The effective theory is written in local Hamiltonian form, and the thermal…
The controversial existence of negative temperatures has stirred interesting debates that have reached the foundations of thermodynamics, including questions on the second law, the Carnot efficiency and the statistical definition of…
Microcanonical equations for several thermodynamic properties of a system, suitable for molecular dynamics simulations, are derived from the nonextensive Tsallis entropy functional. Two possible definitions of temperature, the usual one and…
The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem (FDT) is a powerful tool to estimate the thermal noise of physical systems in equilibrium. In general however, thermal equilibrium is an approximation, or cannot be assumed at all. A more general…
We develop ion-ion pair potentials for Al, Na and K for densities and temperatures relevant to the warm-dense-matter (WDM) regime. Furthermore, we emphasize non-equilibrium states where the ion temperature $T_i$ differs from the electron…
Fluctuations in a model of a sheared, zero-temperature foam are studied numerically. Five different quantities that reduce to the true temperature in an equilibrium thermal system are calculated. All five have the same shear-rate…
We investigate the effective temperature of a harmonic chain whose two ends are coupled to two baths at different temperatures. We propose to take the weighted average temperature as the effective temperature of the system. The weight…
We introduce thermometers to define the local temperature of an electronic system driven out-of-equilibrium by local AC fields. We also define the effective temperature in terms of a local fluctuation-dissipation-relation. We show that…
A novel method to determine the density and temperature of a system based on quantum Fermionic fluctuations is generalized to the limit where the reached temperature T is large compared to the Fermi energy {\epsilon}f . Quadrupole and…
The Langevin equation greatly simplifies the mathematical expression of the effects of thermal noise by using only two terms, a dissipation term, and a random-noise term. The Langevin description was originally applied to a system in…