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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising mesh-free paradigm for solving partial differential equations, yet adoption in science and engineering is limited by slow training and modest accuracy relative to modern…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jian Cheng Wong , Chin Chun Ooi , Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Yew-Soon Ong

For multi-scale problems, the conventional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) face some challenges in obtaining available predictions. In this paper, based on PINNs, we propose a practical deep learning framework for multi-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yong Wang , Yanzhong Yao , Jiawei Guo , Zhiming Gao

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) combine deep learning with physical constraints for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), and are widely applied in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics. However, PINN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xujia Chen , Xinyue Hu , Letian Chen , Daming Shi , Wenhui Fan

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have proven to be a promising method for the rapid solving of partial differential equations (PDEs) in both forward and inverse problems. However, due to the smoothness assumption of functions…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Guoqiang Lei , D. Exposito , Xuerui Mao

This paper empirically studies commonly observed training difficulties of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) on dynamical systems. Our results indicate that fixed points which are inherent to these systems play a key role in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Franz M. Rohrhofer , Stefan Posch , Clemens Gößnitzer , Bernhard C. Geiger

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) train a single neural approximation by minimizing multiple physics- and data-derived losses, but the gradients of these losses often interfere and can stall optimization. Existing remedies typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bum Jun Kim , Gnankan Landry Regis N'guessan

The rise of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) has popularized the concept of solving differential equations via residual minimization. However, neural networks are often viewed as ``black boxes" requiring significant computational…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Ayman Mourad , Fatima Mroue

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), owing to their mesh-free nature, offer a powerful approach for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) in complex geometries, including irregular domains. This capability…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Hanfei Zhou , Lei Shi

Numerical methods such as finite element have been flourishing in the past decades for modeling solid mechanics problems via solving governing partial differential equations (PDEs). A salient aspect that distinguishes these numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Chengping Rao , Hao Sun , Yang Liu

Physics-informed neural networks have gained growing interest. Specifically, they are used to solve partial differential equations governing several physical phenomena. However, physics-informed neural network models suffer from several…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Diab W. Abueidda , Seid Koric , Erman Guleryuz , Nahil A. Sobh

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely used to develop neural surrogates for solutions of Partial Differential Equations. A drawback of PINNs is that they have to be retrained with every change in initial-boundary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Ritam Majumdar , Vishal Jadhav , Anirudh Deodhar , Shirish Karande , Lovekesh Vig , Venkataramana Runkana

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising way to compute the solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep neural networks. However, despite their significant success in various fields, it…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Seungchan Ko , Sang Hyeon Park

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful mesh-free framework for solving ordinary and partial differential equations by embedding the governing physical laws directly into the loss function. However, their…

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising approach for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) by incorporating physical constraints into deep learning models. However, standard PINNs often require a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Keon Vin Park

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) often suffer from slow convergence, training instability, and reduced accuracy on challenging partial differential equations due to the anisotropic and rapidly varying geometry of their loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Kang An , Chenhao Si , Shiqian Ma , Ming Yan

We show that the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), in combination with some recently developed discontinuity capturing neural networks, can be applied to solve optimal control problems subject to partial differential equations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Ming-Chih Lai , Yongcun Song , Xiaoming Yuan , Hangrui Yue , Tianyou Zeng

We prove a priori and a posteriori error estimates for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for linear PDEs. We analyze elliptic equations in primal and mixed form, elasticity, parabolic, hyperbolic and Stokes equations; and a PDE…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Marius Zeinhofer , Rami Masri , Kent-André Mardal

In this study, novel physics-informed neural network (PINN) methods for coupling neighboring support points and their derivative terms which are obtained by automatic differentiation (AD), are proposed to allow efficient training with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jian Cheng Wong , Chinchun Ooi , My Ha Dao , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have made significant strides in modeling dynamical systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). However, their generalization capabilities across varying scenarios remain limited. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Honghui Wang , Yifan Pu , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

The utilization of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in physical science and engineering applications has gained traction due to their capacity to learn intricate functions. While large datasets are crucial for training DNN models in fields like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Vamsi Sai Krishna Malineni , Suresh Rajendran