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In ontology-mediated query answering, access to incomplete data sources is mediated by a conceptual layer constituted by an ontology. To correctly compute answers to queries, it is necessary to perform complex reasoning over the constraints…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Christian Alrabbaa , Stefan Borgwardt , Patrick Koopmann , Alisa Kovtunova

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLM) in a wide range of Natural Language Processing applications opens the path towards novel Question Answering Systems over Knowledge Graphs leveraging LLMs. However, one of the main obstacles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Julio C. Rangel , Tarcisio Mendes de Farias , Ana Claudia Sima , Norio Kobayashi

Unsupervised commonsense reasoning (UCR) is becoming increasingly popular as the construction of commonsense reasoning datasets is expensive, and they are inevitably limited in their scope. A popular approach to UCR is to fine-tune language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Jie He , Simon Chi Lok U , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

Answering multiple-choice questions in a setting in which no supporting documents are explicitly provided continues to stand as a core problem in natural language processing. The contribution of this article is two-fold. First, it describes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 George-Sebastian Pîrtoacă , Traian Rebedea , Stefan Ruseti

Question-answering (QA) that comes naturally to humans is a critical component in seamless human-computer interaction. It has emerged as one of the most convenient and natural methods to interact with the web and is especially desirable in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Deepak Gupta

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) aims to answer user-questions from a knowledge graph (KG) by identifying the reasoning relations between topic entity and answer. As a complex branch task of KGQA, multi-hop KGQA requires reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Weiqiang Jin , Biao Zhao , Hang Yu , Xi Tao , Ruiping Yin , Guizhong Liu

In Web search, entity-seeking queries often trigger a special Question Answering (QA) system. It may use a parser to interpret the question to a structured query, execute that on a knowledge graph (KG), and return direct entity responses.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Uma Sawant , Saurabh Garg , Soumen Chakrabarti , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Answering complex questions over knowledge bases (KB-QA) faces huge input data with billions of facts, involving millions of entities and thousands of predicates. For efficiency, QA systems first reduce the answer search space by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Philipp Christmann , Rishiraj Saha Roy , Gerhard Weikum

Graph-structured data is prevalent in domains such as social networks, financial transactions, brain networks, and protein interactions. As a result, the research community has produced new databases and analytics engines to process such…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Puneet Mehrotra , Vaastav Anand , Daniel Margo , Milad Rezaei Hajidehi , Margo Seltzer

Language model users often issue queries that lack specification, where the context under which a query was issued -- such as the user's identity, the query's intent, and the criteria for a response to be useful -- is not explicit. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chaitanya Malaviya , Joseph Chee Chang , Dan Roth , Mohit Iyyer , Mark Yatskar , Kyle Lo

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are inherently incomplete because of incomplete world knowledge and bias in what is the input to the KG. Additionally, world knowledge constantly expands and evolves, making existing facts deprecated or introducing…

Intelligent personal assistant systems with either text-based or voice-based conversational interfaces are becoming increasingly popular around the world. Retrieval-based conversation models have the advantages of returning fluent and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Liu Yang , Minghui Qiu , Chen Qu , Jiafeng Guo , Yongfeng Zhang , W. Bruce Croft , Jun Huang , Haiqing Chen

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities across various tasks, including visual question answering and chart comprehension, yet existing benchmarks for chart-related tasks fall short in capturing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zifeng Zhu , Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Lang Li , Meng Jiang

Since Knowledge Graphs are often incomplete, link prediction methods are adopted for predicting missing facts. Scalable embedding based solutions are mostly adopted for this purpose, however, they lack comprehensibility, which may be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Roberto Barile , Claudia d'Amato , Nicola Fanizzi

Existing analysis work in machine reading comprehension (MRC) is largely concerned with evaluating the capabilities of systems. However, the capabilities of datasets are not assessed for benchmarking language understanding precisely. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Saku Sugawara , Pontus Stenetorp , Kentaro Inui , Akiko Aizawa

Knowledge Graphs (KG) act as a great tool for holding distilled information from large natural language text corpora. The problem of natural language querying over knowledge graphs is essential for the human consumption of this information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Aayushee Gupta , K. M. Annervaz , Ambedkar Dukkipati , Shubhashis Sengupta

The Natural Conversation Benchmark (NC-Bench) introduces a new approach to evaluating the general conversational competence of large language models (LLMs). Unlike prior benchmarks that focus on the content of model behavior, NC-Bench…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Robert J. Moore , Sungeun An , Farhan Ahmed , Jay Pankaj Gala

Deep text understanding, which requires the connections between a given document and prior knowledge beyond its text, has been highlighted by many benchmarks in recent years. However, these benchmarks have encountered two major limitations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Zijun Yao , Yantao Liu , Xin Lv , Shulin Cao , Jifan Yu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Question answering is one of the primary challenges of natural language understanding. In realizing such a system, providing complex long answers to questions is a challenging task as opposed to factoid answering as the former needs context…