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Electrical network frequency (ENF) is the signature of a power distribution grid which represents the nominal frequency (50 or 60 Hz) of a power system network. Due to load variations in a power grid, ENF sequences experience fluctuations.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-20 Dhiman Chowdhury , Mrinmoy Sarkar

Electric Network Frequency (ENF) acts as a fingerprint in multimedia forensics applications. In indoor environments, ENF variations affect the intensity of light sources connected to power mains. Accordingly, the light intensity variations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Christos Moysiadis , Georgios Karantaidis , Constantine Kotropoulos

Most of the artificial lights fluctuate in response to the grid's alternating current and exhibit subtle variations in terms of both intensity and spectrum, providing the potential to estimate the Electric Network Frequency (ENF) from…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-05 Lexuan Xu , Guang Hua , Haijian Zhang , Lei Yu , Ning Qiao

A novel framework, called InterGridNet, is introduced, leveraging a shallow RawNet model for geolocation classification of Electric Network Frequency (ENF) signatures in the SP Cup 2016 dataset. During data preparation, recordings are…

Information regarding the location of power distribution grid can be extracted from the power signature embedded in the multimedia signals (e.g., audio, video data) recorded near electrical activities. This implicit mechanism of identifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Jayanta Dey , Mohammad Ariful Haque

Power system frequency could be captured by digital recordings and extracted to compare with a reference database for forensic time-stamp verification. It is known as the electric network frequency (ENF) criterion, enabled by the properties…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Guang Hua , Qingyi Wang , Dengpan Ye , Haijian Zhang

The Electric Network Frequency (ENF) serves as a unique signature inherent to power distribution systems. Here, a novel approach for power grid classification is developed, leveraging ENF. Spectrograms are generated from audio and power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Georgios Tzolopoulos , Christos Korgialas , Constantine Kotropoulos

ENF (Electrical Network Frequency) instantaneously fluctuates around its nominal value (50/60 Hz) due to a continuous disparity between generated power and consumed power. Consequently, luminous intensity of a mains-powered light source…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Saffet Vatansever , Ahmet Emir Dirik , Nasir Memon

ENF is a time-varying signal of the frequency of mains electricity in a power grid. It continuously fluctuates around a nominal value (50/60 Hz) due to changes in supply and demand of power over time. Depending on these ENF variations, the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Saffet Vatansever , Ahmet Emir Dirik , Nasir Memon

Near-field beamfocusing enabled by extremely large-aperture arrays (ELAA) is a promising 6G technique for massive connectivity and high spectrum efficiency. While beamfocusing concentrates energy at an intended user, the radiated field…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shima Mashhadi , Tiep M. Hoang , Alireza Vahid

Many electrical grid transients can be described by the propagation of electromechanical (EM) waves that couple oscillations of power flows over transmission lines and the inertia of synchronous generators. These EM waves can take several…

Classical Physics · Physics 2011-08-10 Scott Backhaus , Yilu Liu

Energy conservation is a key factor towards long term energy sustainability. Real-time end user energy feedback, using disaggregated electric load composition, can play a pivotal role in motivating consumers towards energy conservation.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-09-17 Manoj Gulati , Shobha Sundar Ram , Amarjeet Singh

Radio Frequency (RF) sensing is attracting interest in research, standardization, and industry, especially for its potential in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. By leveraging the properties of the ElectroMagnetic (EM) waves used in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Federica Fieramosca , Vittorio Rampa , Michele D'Amico , Stefano Savazzi

Advancements in generative models, like Deepfake allows users to imitate a targeted person and manipulate online interactions. It has been recognized that disinformation may cause disturbance in society and ruin the foundation of trust.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Deeraj Nagothu , Ronghua Xu , Yu Chen , Erik Blasch , Alexander Aved

A major aspect in power line distribution networks is the constant monitoring of the network properties. With the advent of the smart grid concept, distributed monitoring has started complementing the information of the central stations. In…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-02-07 Federico Passerini , Andrea M. Tonello

This letter proposes a new approach to improve the accuracy of the Energy-based source localization methods in urban acoustic scenes. The proposed acoustic energy sensing flow estimation (ESFE) uses the sensors signal nonstationarity degree…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-08 M. Alves , R. Coelho , E. Dranka

Pre-trained foundation models have demonstrated remarkable success in audio, vision and language, yet their potential for general machine signal modeling with arbitrary sampling rates-covering acoustic, vibration, and other industrial…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yucong Zhang , Juan Liu , Ming Li

The application of graph neural networks (GNNs) to the domain of electrical power grids has high potential impact on smart grid monitoring. Even though there is a natural correspondence of power flow to message-passing in GNNs, their…

In this article, we address the prospects and key enabling technologies for highly efficient and accurate device positioning and tracking in 5G radio access networks. Building on the premises of ultra-dense networks as well as on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Mike Koivisto , Mário Costa , Janis Werner , Kari Heiska , Jukka Talvitie , Kari Leppänen , Visa Koivunen , Mikko Valkama

We consider the problem of imaging a crack network embedded in some homogeneous background from measured multi-static far field data generated by acoustic plane waves. We propose two novel approaches that can be seen as extensions of linear…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-06-19 Lorenzo Audibert , Lucas Chesnel , Houssem Haddar , Kevish Napal
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