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Reliable detection of anomalies is crucial when deploying machine learning models in practice, but remains challenging due to the lack of labeled data. To tackle this challenge, contrastive learning approaches are becoming increasingly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Puck de Haan , Sindy Löwe

Anomaly detection is represented as an unsupervised learning to identify deviated images from normal images. In general, there are two main challenges of anomaly detection tasks, i.e., the class imbalance and the unexpectedness of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Shuting Yan , Pingping Chen , Honghui Chen , Huan Mao , Feng Chen , Zhijian Lin

Anomaly Detection (AD) in images is a fundamental computer vision problem and refers to identifying images and image substructures that deviate significantly from the norm. Popular AD algorithms commonly try to learn a model of normality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Oliver Rippel , Patrick Mertens , Dorit Merhof

Automated surface inspection is an important task in many manufacturing industries and often requires machine learning driven solutions. Supervised approaches, however, can be challenging, since it is often difficult to obtain large amounts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Matthias Haselmann , Dieter P. Gruber , Paul Tabatabai

The identification and quantification of markers in medical images is critical for diagnosis, prognosis and management of patients in clinical practice. Supervised- or weakly supervised training enables the detection of findings that are…

Deep unsupervised anomaly detection in brain magnetic resonance imaging offers a promising route to identify pathological deviations without requiring lesion-specific annotations. Yet, fragmented evaluations, heterogeneous datasets, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Alexander Frotscher , Christian F. Baumgartner , Thomas Wolfers

Purpose A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) exam typically consists of several sequences that yield different image contrasts. Each sequence is parameterized through multiple acquisition parameters that influence image contrast,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-23 Jonas Denck , Jens Guehring , Andreas Maier , Eva Rothgang

Building accurate and robust artificial intelligence systems for medical image assessment requires not only the research and design of advanced deep learning models but also the creation of large and curated sets of annotated training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Florin C. Ghesu , Bogdan Georgescu , Awais Mansoor , Youngjin Yoo , Dominik Neumann , Pragneshkumar Patel , R. S. Vishwanath , James M. Balter , Yue Cao , Sasa Grbic , Dorin Comaniciu

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used medical imaging modality. However, due to the limitations in hardware, scan time, and throughput, it is often clinically challenging to obtain high-quality MR images. The super-resolution…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-20 Qing Lyu , Hongming Shan , Ge Wang

Unsupervised anomaly detection stands as an important problem in machine learning, with applications in financial fraud prevention, network security and medical diagnostics. Existing unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms rarely perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Pritam Kar , Rahul Bordoloi , Olaf Wolkenhauer , Saptarshi Bej

Anomaly segmentation plays a pivotal role in identifying atypical objects in images, crucial for hazard detection in autonomous driving systems. While existing methods demonstrate noteworthy results on synthetic data, they often fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Ji Zhang , Xiao Wu , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Qi He , Wei Li

Detection of various lesions in brain MRI is clinically critical, but challenging due to the diversity of lesions and variability in imaging conditions. Current unsupervised learning methods detect anomalies mainly through reconstructing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Tao Yang , Xiuying Wang , Hao Liu , Guanzhong Gong , Lian-Ming Wu , Yu-Ping Wang , Lisheng Wang

Deep sparse auto-encoders with mixed structure regularization (MSR) in addition to explicit sparsity regularization term and stochastic corruption of the input data with Gaussian noise have the potential to improve unsupervised abnormality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Moti Freiman , Ravindra Manjeshwar , Liran Goshen

Early detection of anomalies in medical images such as brain MRI is highly relevant for diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. Supervised machine learning methods are limited to a small number of pathologies where there is good…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Alexander Frotscher , Jaivardhan Kapoor , Thomas Wolfers , Christian F. Baumgartner

Distance-based anomaly detection methods rely on compact in-distribution (ID) embeddings that are well separated from anomalies. However, conventional contrastive learning strategies often struggle to achieve this balance, either promoting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Willian T. Lunardi , Abdulrahman Banabila , Dania Herzalla , Martin Andreoni

Anomaly detection in attributed networks has received a considerable attention in recent years due to its applications in a wide range of domains such as finance, network security, and medicine. Traditional approaches cannot be adopted on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Venus Haghighi , Behnaz Soltani , Adnan Mahmood , Quan Z. Sheng , Jian Yang

Visual defect assessment is a form of anomaly detection. This is very relevant in finding faults such as cracks and markings in various surface inspection tasks like pavement and automotive parts. The task involves detection of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Manpreet Singh Minhas , John Zelek

Self-supervised instance discrimination is an effective contrastive pretext task to learn feature representations and address limited medical image annotations. The idea is to make features of transformed versions of the same images similar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Yejia Zhang , Xinrong Hu , Nishchal Sapkota , Yiyu Shi , Danny Z. Chen

Harnessing the power of deep neural networks in the medical imaging domain is challenging due to the difficulties in acquiring large annotated datasets, especially for rare diseases, which involve high costs, time, and effort for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Md Mahfuzur Rahman Siddiquee , Jay Shah , Teresa Wu , Catherine Chong , Todd J. Schwedt , Gina Dumkrieger , Simona Nikolova , Baoxin Li

The detection and localization of anomalies is one important medical image analysis task. Most commonly, Computer Vision anomaly detection approaches rely on manual annotations that are both time consuming and expensive to obtain.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Sergio Naval Marimont , Giacomo Tarroni
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