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This paper compiles several aspects of the dynamics of stochastic approximation algorithms with Markov iterate-dependent noise when the iterates are not known to be stable beforehand. We achieve the same by extending the lock-in probability…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-02-22 Prasenjit Karmakar , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Asymptotic properties of Markov Processes, such as steady state probabilities or hazard rate for absorbing states can be efficiently calculated by means of linear algebra even for large-scale problems. This paper discusses the methods for…

Performance · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Vitali Volovoi

We propose an algorithm for deterministic continuous Markov Decision Processes with sparse rewards that computes the optimal policy exactly with no dependency on the size of the state space. The algorithm has time complexity of $O( |R|^3…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Joshua R. Bertram , Peng Wei

We consider episodic reinforcement learning in reward-mixing Markov decision processes (RMMDPs): at the beginning of every episode nature randomly picks a latent reward model among $M$ candidates and an agent interacts with the MDP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Jeongyeol Kwon , Yonathan Efroni , Constantine Caramanis , Shie Mannor

We study discrete-time discounted constrained Markov decision processes (CMDPs) on Borel spaces with unbounded reward functions. In our approach the transition probability functions are weakly or set-wise continuous. The reward functions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-29 Eugene A. Feinberg , Anna Jaśkiewicz , Andrzej S. Nowak

We present a closed-form, computable expression for the expected number of times any transition event occurs during the transient phase of a reducible Markov chain. Examples of events include time to absorption, number of visits to a state,…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-09 Brian D. Ewald , Jeffrey Humpherys , Jeremy West

We consider a discrete time semi-Markov process where the characteristics defining the process depend on a small perturbation parameter. It is assumed that the state space consists of one finite communicating class of states and, in…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-21 Mikael Petersson

This paper studies the finite-time horizon Markov games where the agents' dynamics are decoupled but the rewards can possibly be coupled across agents. The policy class is restricted to local policies where agents make decisions using their…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Runyu Zhang , Yuyang Zhang , Rohit Konda , Bryce Ferguson , Jason Marden , Na Li

Action delays degrade the performance of reinforcement learning in many real-world systems. This paper proposes a formal definition of delay-aware Markov Decision Process and proves it can be transformed into standard MDP with augmented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Baiming Chen , Mengdi Xu , Liang Li , Ding Zhao

We consider non-standard Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) where the target function is not only a simple expectation of the accumulated reward. Instead, we consider rather general functionals of the joint distribution of terminal state and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-16 Nicole Bäuerle , Tamara Göll , Anna Jaśkiewicz

Markov Decision Process (MDP) presents a mathematical framework to formulate the learning processes of agents in reinforcement learning. MDP is limited by the Markovian assumption that a reward only depends on the immediate state and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Bohao Qu , Xiaofeng Cao , Jielong Yang , Hechang Chen , Chang Yi , Ivor W. Tsang , Yew-Soon Ong

This paper introduces a novel method for estimating the self-interest level of Markov social dilemmas. We extend the concept of self-interest level from normal-form games to Markov games, providing a quantitative measure of the minimum…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Richard Willis , Yali Du , Joel Z Leibo , Michael Luck

For most reinforcement learning approaches, the learning is performed by maximizing an accumulative reward that is expectedly and manually defined for specific tasks. However, in real world, rewards are emergent phenomena from the complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Min Xu

In this paper, we develop a general law of large numbers and central limit theorem for cumulative reward processes associated with finite state Markov jump processes with non-stationary transition rates. Such models commonly arise in…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Monte Fischer , Peter W. Glynn

The deterministic dynamics of randomly connected neural networks are studied, where a state of binary neurons evolves according to a discreet-time synchronous update rule. We give a theoretical support that the overlap of systems' states…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-10 Taro Toyoizumi , Haiping Huang

We study a one-dimensional Markov modulated random walk with jumps. It is assumed that amplitudes of jumps as well as a chosen velocity regime are random and depend on a time spent by the process at a previous state of the underlying Markov…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-03-13 Nikita Ratanov

Many Reinforcement Learning algorithms assume a Markov reward function to guarantee optimality. However, not all reward functions are Markov. This paper proposes a framework for mapping non-Markov reward functions into equivalent Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Gregory Hyde , Eugene Santos

We consider the problem of maximizing the expected average reward obtained over an infinite time horizon by $n$ weakly coupled Markov decision processes. Our setup is a substantial generalization of the multi-armed restless bandit problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Diego Goldsztajn , Konstantin Avrachenkov

There are situations in which an agent should receive rewards only after having accomplished a series of previous tasks. In other words, the reward that the agent receives is non-Markovian. One natural and quite general way to represent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Gavin Rens , Jean-François Raskin

We consider a Markov decision process with deterministic state transition dynamics, adversarially generated rewards that change arbitrarily from round to round, and a bandit feedback model in which the decision maker only observes the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Raman Arora , Ofer Dekel , Ambuj Tewari