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We develop error-tolerant quantum state discrimination(QSD) strategies that maintain reliable performance under moderate noise. Two complementary approaches are proposed: CrossQSD, which generalizes unambiguous discrimination with tunable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Chien-Kai Ma , Bo-Hung Chen , Tian-Fu Chen , Dah-Wei Chiou , Jie-Hong Roland Jiang

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems which are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation quantum computers must correct errors occurring due to unavoidable decoherence and limited…

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

Noise is one of the central obstacles to building useful quantum computers, and quantum error correction (QEC) provides the framework for protecting quantum information against it. Unlike classical error correction, QEC must preserve…

To address the challenge posed by noise in real quantum devices, quantum error mitigation techniques play a crucial role. These techniques are resource-efficient, making them suitable for implementation in noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Jordi Pérez-Guijarro , Alba Pagès-Zamora , Javier R. Fonollosa

A quantitative assessment of the progress of small prototype quantum processors towards fault-tolerant quantum computation is a problem of current interest in experimental and theoretical quantum information science. We introduce a…

The quantum computing devices of today have tens to hundreds of qubits that are highly susceptible to noise due to unwanted interactions with their environment. The theory of quantum error correction provides a scheme by which the effects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam

Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) holds the promise of enabling several large scale applications of quantum computers. However, designing fault tolerant QRAMs for large scale applications is still an open problem due to the poor error and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Ansh Singal , Kaitlin N. Smith

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

As quantum computers of non-trivial size become available in the near future, it is imperative to develop tools to emulate small quantum computers. This allows for validation and debugging of algorithms as well as exploring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 Thomas Häner , Damian S. Steiger , Mikhail Smelyanskiy , Matthias Troyer

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivity, and coherence times, a quantum circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We…

Quantum computing has significantly advanced in recent years, boasting devices with hundreds of quantum bits (qubits), hinting at its potential quantum advantage over classical computing. Yet, noise in quantum devices poses significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Jinyang Li , Samudra Dasgupta , Yuhong Song , Lei Yang , Travis Humble , Weiwen Jiang

Motivated by the increasing availability of low- and mixed-precision arithmetic on modern hardware, we develop mixed-precision variants of Lloyd's algorithm for k-means clustering. The main ingredient is a family of mixed-precision kernels…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Erin Carson , Xinye Chen , Xiaobo Liu

Approximation errors must be taken into account when compiling quantum programs into a low-level gate set. We present a methodology that tracks such errors automatically and then optimizes accuracy parameters to guarantee a specified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Giulia Meuli , Mathias Soeken , Martin Roetteler , Thomas Häner

The surface code is designed to suppress errors in quantum computing hardware and currently offers the most believable pathway to large-scale quantum computation. The surface code requires a 2-D array of nearest-neighbor coupled qubits that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-04 Austin G. Fowler

Quantum simulation has wide applications in quantum chemistry and physics. Recently, scientists have begun exploring the use of randomized methods for accelerating quantum simulation. Among them, a simple and powerful technique, called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Chi-Fang Chen , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Richard Kueng , Joel A. Tropp

Quantum computers promise to solve important problems faster than conventional computers. However, unleashing this power has been challenging. In particular, design automation runs into (1) the probabilistic nature of quantum computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Stefan Hillmich , Richard Kueng , Igor L. Markov , Robert Wille

Quantum computing has made tremendous improvements in both software and hardware that have sparked interest in academia and industry to realize quantum computing applications. To this end, several steps are necessary: The underlying problem…

Near-term quantum computing (QC) systems have limited qubit counts, high gate (instruction) error rates, and typically support a minimal instruction set having one type of two-qubit gate (2Q). To reduce program instruction counts and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-30 Prakash Murali , Lingling Lao , Margaret Martonosi , Dan Browne

Quantum computers are currently accessible through a cloud-based platform that allows users to run their programs on a suite of quantum hardware. As the quantum computing ecosystem grows in popularity and utility, it is reasonable to expect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Suryansh Upadhyay , Swaroop Ghosh