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Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation in social dilemma situations, in which an individual is motivated to help another to acquire a good reputation and receive help from others afterwards. Ingroup favoritism is another aspect…
We propose and axiomatize a new model of incomplete preferences under uncertainty, which we call \textit{hope-and-prepare preferences}. An act is considered more desirable than an other act when, and only when, both an optimistic…
The paper shows that ranking information units by quantum probability differs from ranking them by classical probability provided the same data used for parameter estimation. As probability of detection (also known as recall or power) and…
The utility-based shortfall risk (SR) measure introduced by Folmer and Schied [15] has been recently extended by Mao and Cai [29] to cumulative prospect theory (CPT) based SR in order to better capture a decision maker's utility/risk…
In this paper we describe a theory of a cumulative distribution function on a space with an order from a probability measure defined in this space. This distribution function plays a similar role to that played in the classical case.…
In the theory of voting, the Plurality rule for preferences that come in the form of linear orders selects the alternatives most frequently appearing in the first position of those orders, while the Anti-Plurality rule selects the…
Existing approaches to asset-pricing under model-uncertainty adapt classical utility-maximization frameworks and seek theoretical comprehensiveness. We move toward practice by considering binary model-risks and by emphasizing 'constraints'…
The notion of stochastic precedence between two random variables emerges as a relevant concept in several fields of applied probability. When one consider a vector of random variables $X_1,...,X_n$, this notion has a preeminent role in the…
We introduce the price probability measure {\eta}(p;t) that defines the mean price p(1;t), mean square price p(2;t), price volatility {\sigma}p2(t)and all price n-th statistical moments p(n;t) as ratio of sums of n-th degree values C(n;t)…
In studying randomized search heuristics, a frequent quantity of interest is the first time a (real-valued) stochastic process obtains (or passes) a certain value. The processes under investigation commonly show a bias towards this goal,…
Recent literature in the last Maximum Entropy workshop introduced an analogy between cumulative probability distributions and normalized utility functions. Based on this analogy, a utility density function can de defined as the derivative…
We introduce some new generalized stochastic orderings (in the spirit of relative ageing) which compare probability distributions with the exponential distribution. These orderings are useful to understand the phenomenon of positive ageing…
Preferences among acts are analyzed in the style of L. Savage, but as partially ordered. The rationality postulates considered are weaker than Savage's on three counts. The Sure Thing Principle is derived in this setting. The postulates are…
There are different approaches to qualitative probability, which includes subjective probability. We developed a representation of qualitative probability based on relational systems, which allows modeling uncertainty by probability…
We consider a conception of reality that is the following: An object is 'real' if we know that if we would try to test whether this object is present, this test would give us the answer 'yes' with certainty. If we consider a conception of…
In this paper we show that there is a link between approximate Bayesian methods and prior robustness. We show that what is typically recognized as an approximation to the likelihood, either due to the simulated data as in the Approximate…
The directed preferential attachment model is revisited. A new exact characterization of the limiting in- and out-degree distribution is given by two \emph{independent} pure birth processes that are observed at a common exponentially…
We define the probability of an equation in a finite algebra as the proportion of tuples in its domain that satisfy it. We call the probabilistic spectrum of an algebra the set of probability values obtained when the equation varies. We…
For a set A of n applicants and a set I of m items, we consider a problem of computing a matching of applicants to items, i.e., a function M mapping A to I; here we assume that each applicant $x \in A$ provides a preference list on items in…
A stylized experiment, the public goods game, has taught us the peculiar reproducible fact that humans tend to contribute more to shared resources than expected from economically rational assumptions. There have been two competing…