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Abridged. Kinetic plasma simulations are nowadays commonly used to study a wealth of non-linear behaviours and properties in laboratory and space plasmas. In particular, in high-energy physics and astrophysics, the plasma usually evolves in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 J. Pétri

We review the physics of relativistic shocks, which are often invoked as the sources of non-thermal particles in pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets, and as possible sources of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-21 Lorenzo Sironi , Uri Keshet , Martin Lemoine

The aim of this work is to investigate and characterise particle behaviour in a 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of a reconnecting magnetic separator. We use a relativistic guiding-centre test-particle code to investigate electron and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-23 J. Threlfall , J. E. H. Stevenson , C. E. Parnell , T. Neukirch

Strong magnetic fields in magnetospheres of neutron stars (especially magnetars) and other astrophysical objects may release their energy in violent, intense episodes of magnetic reconnection. While reconnection has been studied…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-16 K. M. Schoeffler , T. Grismayer , D. Uzdensky , R. A. Fonseca , L. O. Silva

A scheme to generate magnetized relativistic plasmas in laboratory is proposed. It is based on interaction of ultra-high-intensity sub-picosecond laser pulses with few-micron thick foils or films. By means of Particle-In-Cell simulations it…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-02-03 Artem V. Korzhimanov

We study an acceleration of electrons and positrons in the relativistic magnetic field reconnection using a 2.5-D particle-in-cell electromagnetic relativistic code. We consider the model with two current sheets and periodic boundary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marian Karlicky

By means of two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the process of driven magnetic reconnection at the termination shock of relativistic striped flows. In pulsar winds and in magnetar-powered relativistic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Lorenzo Sironi , Anatoly Spitkovsky

Fast magnetic reconnection may occur in different astrophysical sources, producing flare-like emission and particle acceleration. Currently, this process is being studied as an efficient mechanism to accelerate particles via a first-order…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-10-26 M. V. del Valle , E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , G. Kowal

Powerful flares from blazars with short ($\sim$ min) variability timescales are challenging for current models of blazar emission. Here, we present a physically motivated ab initio model for blazar flares based on the results of recent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-09-07 Maria Petropoulou , Dimitrios Giannios , Lorenzo Sironi

In this review, we examine particle transport in strongly turbulent three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasmas, characterized by intense (large-amplitude) magnetic field fluctuations. Such environments naturally give rise to a network of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Heinz Isliker , Loukas Vlahos

Observational and theoretical evidence suggest that beams of accelerated particles are produced in flaring events of all sizes in the solar atmosphere, from X-class flares to nanoflares. Current models of these types of particles in flaring…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-28 L. Frogner , B. V. Gudiksen , H. Bakke

The understanding of the physics of lasermatter interactions in the strongly relativistic regime is of fundamental importance. In this article, a new mechanism of fast electron generation at the vacuum-solid boundary of intense laser pulse…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2010-09-07 T. Baeva , S. Gordienko , A. P. L. Robinson , P. A. Norreys

Plasmoids, quasi-spherical regions of plasma containing magnetic fields and high-energy particles, are a self-consistent by-product of the reconnection process in the relativistic regime. Recent two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-24 M. Petropoulou , I. M. Christie , L. Sironi , D. Giannios

We consider the acceleration of charged particles at the ultra-relativistic shocks, with Lorentz factors \Gamma_s >> 1 relative to the upstream medium, arising in relativistic fireball models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We show that for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Yves A. Gallant , Abraham Achterberg

A concise review is given on the past two decades' results from laboratory experiments on collisionless magnetic reconnection in direct relation with space measurements, especially by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Highlights…

The past decade has seen an outstanding development of nonthermal particle acceleration in magnetic reconnection in magnetically-dominated systems, with clear signatures of power-law energy distributions as a common outcome of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-11 Xiaocan Li , Fan Guo , Yi-Hsin Liu , Hui Li

We describe a versatile pulsed-power driven platform for magnetic reconnection experiments, based on exploding wire arrays driven in parallel [Suttle, L. G. et al. PRL, 116, 225001]. This platform produces inherently magnetised plasma flows…

Fast reconnection operating in magnetically dominated plasmas is often invoked in models for magnetar giant flares, for magnetic dissipation in pulsar winds, or to explain the gamma-ray flares observed in the Crab nebula, hence its…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-27 L. Del Zanna , E. Papini , S. Landi , M. Bugli , N. Bucciantini

Magnetic reconnection in relativistic plasmas is well established as a fast and efficient particle accelerator, capable of explaining the most dramatic astrophysical flares. With particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate the importance…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-20 Lorenzo Sironi

Relativistic magnetized jets from active galaxies are among the most powerful cosmic accelerators, but their particle acceleration mechanisms remain a mystery. We present a new acceleration mechanism associated with the development of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-19 E. Paulo Alves , Jonathan Zrake , Frederico Fiuza