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The meteoric rise of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has been accompanied by a plethora of frequent and often financially devastating attacks on its protocols There have been over 70 exploits of DeFi protocols, with the total of lost funds…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Daniel Perez , Lewis Gudgeon

In recent years, the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) market has witnessed numerous attacks on the price oracle, leading to substantial economic losses. Despite the advent of truth discovery methods opening up new avenues for oracle…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Youquan Xian , Peng Liu , Dongcheng Li , Xueying Zeng

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is a prominent application of smart contracts, representing a novel financial paradigm in contrast to centralized finance. While DeFi applications are rapidly emerging on mainstream blockchain platforms, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Wei Ma , Chenguang Zhu , Ye Liu , Xiaofei Xie , Yi Li

Many classical blockchains are known to have an embarrassingly low transaction throughput, down to Bitcoin's notorious seven transactions per second limit.Various proposals and implementations for increasing throughput emerged in the first…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Lioba Heimbach , Quentin Kniep , Yann Vonlanthen , Roger Wattenhofer

Credit allows a lender to loan out surplus capital to a borrower. In the traditional economy, credit bears the risk that the borrower may default on its debt, the lender hence requires upfront collateral from the borrower, plus interest fee…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Kaihua Qin , Liyi Zhou , Benjamin Livshits , Arthur Gervais

The rapid growth of decentralized finance (DeFi) has led to the widespread use of automated agents, or bots, within blockchain ecosystems like Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, and Solana. While these bots enhance market efficiency and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Ahmed Mounsf Rafik Bendada , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Mouhamed Amine Bouchiha , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

Decentralized finance (DeFi) has the potential to disrupt centralized finance by validating peer-to-peer transactions through tamper-proof smart contracts, thus significantly lowering the transaction cost charged by financial…

General Economics · Economics 2023-12-04 Ziqiao Ao , Lin William Cong , Gergely Horvath , Luyao Zhang

User transactions on Ethereum's peer-to-peer network are at risk of being attacked. The smart contracts building decentralized finance (DeFi) have introduced a new transaction ordering dependency to the Ethereum blockchain. As a result,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Lioba Heimbach , Roger Wattenhofer

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) leverages blockchain-enabled smart contracts to deliver automated and trustless financial services without the need for intermediaries. However, the public visibility of financial transactions on the blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Huned Materwala , Shraddha M. Naik , Aya Taha , Tala Abdulrahman Abed , Davor Svetinovic

The growth of the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem built on blockchain technology and smart contracts has led to an increased demand for secure and reliable smart contract development. However, attacks targeting smart contracts are…

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) staking is one of the most prominent applications within the DeFi ecosystem, where DeFi projects enable users to stake tokens on the platform and reward participants with additional tokens. However, logical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zewei Lin , Jiachi Chen , Jingwen Zhang , Zexu Wang , Yuming Feng , Weizhe Zhang , Zibin Zheng

Billions of dollars are lost every year in DeFi platforms by transactions exploiting business logic or accounting vulnerabilities. Existing defenses focus on static code analysis, public mempool screening, attacker contract detection, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Abdulrahman Alhaidari , Balaji Palanisamy , Prashant Krishnamurthy

In decentralized finance (DeFi), lenders can offer flash loans to borrowers, i.e., loans that are only valid within a blockchain transaction and must be repaid with fees by the end of that transaction. Unlike normal loans, flash loans allow…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Zhiyang Chen , Sidi Mohamed Beillahi , Fan Long

In recent years, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) grows rapidly due to the development of blockchain technology and smart contracts. As of March 2023, the estimated global cryptocurrency market cap has reached approximately $949 billion.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zewei Lin , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng , Jiajing Wu , Weizhe Zhang , Yongjuan Wang

In this paper, we investigate two methods that allow us to automatically create profitable DeFi trades, one well-suited to arbitrage and the other applicable to more complicated settings. We first adopt the Bellman-Ford-Moore algorithm with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Liyi Zhou , Kaihua Qin , Antoine Cully , Benjamin Livshits , Arthur Gervais

Front-running attacks have been a major concern on the blockchain. Attackers launch front-running attacks by inserting additional transactions before upcoming victim transactions to manipulate victim transaction executions and make profits.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Wuqi Zhang , Lili Wei , Shing-Chi Cheung , Yepang Liu , Shuqing Li , Lu Liu , Michael R. Lyu

The rapid growth and adoption of decentralized finance (DeFi) systems have been accompanied by various threats, notably those emerging from vulnerabilities in their intricate design. In our work, we introduce and define an attack strategy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Weilin Li , Zhun Wang , Chenyu Li , Heying Chen , Taiyu Wong , Pengyu Sun , Yufei Yu , Chao Zhang

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) refers to financial services that are not necessarily related to crypto-currencies. By employing blockchain for security and integrity, DeFi creates new possibilities that attract retail and institution users,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Krzysztof Gogol , Christian Killer , Malte Schlosser , Thomas Bocek , Burkhard Stiller , Claudio Tessone

The rise of Decentralized Finance ("DeFi") on the Ethereum blockchain has enabled the creation of lending platforms, which serve as marketplaces to lend and borrow digital currencies. We first categorize the activity of lending platforms…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-08 Michael Darlin , Georgios Palaiokrassas , Leandros Tassiulas

Decentralized finance (DeFi) markets spread across Layer-1 (L1) and Layer-2 (L2) blockchains rely on arbitrage to keep prices aligned. Today most price gaps are closed against centralized exchanges (CEXes), whose deep liquidity and fast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Burak Öz , Christof Ferreira Torres , Christoph Schlegel , Bruno Mazorra , Jonas Gebele , Filip Rezabek , Florian Matthes