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Betting games provide a natural setting to capture how information yields strategic advantage. The Kelly criterion for betting, long a cornerstone of portfolio theory and information theory, admits an interpretation in the limit of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Maite Arcos , Renato Renner , Jonathan Oppenheim

For a sequence of binary bets, the Kelly criterion provides a closed-form solution that maximizes the expected growth rate of wealth. In contrast, when multiple bets are placed simultaneously (e.g., in portfolio allocation or prediction…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-30 Ruslan Tepelyan , Daniel Lam

Models of adaptive bet-hedging commonly adopt insights from Kelly's famous work on optimal gambling strategies and the financial value of information. In particular, such models seek evolutionary solutions that maximize long term average…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-03-18 Omri Tal , Tat Dat Tran

While the Kelly portfolio has many desirable properties, including optimal long-term growth rate, the resulting investment strategy is rather aggressive. In this paper, we suggest a unified approach to the risk assessment of the Kelly…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-03-25 Levon Hakobyan , Sergey Lototsky

Kelly's criterion is a betting strategy that maximizes the long term growth rate, but which is known to be risky. Here, we find optimal betting strategies that gives the highest capital growth rate while keeping a certain low value of risky…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-12 L. Dinis , J. Unterberger , D. Lacoste

In this paper, we consider a simple discrete-time optimal betting problem using the celebrated Kelly criterion, which calls for maximization of the expected logarithmic growth of wealth. While the classical Kelly betting problem can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-11 Chung-Han Hsieh

Following a series of works on capital growth investment, we analyse log-optimal portfolios where the return evaluation includes `weights' of different outcomes. The results are twofold: (A) under certain conditions, the logarithmic growth…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-15 Mark Kelbert , Izabella Stuhl , Yuri Suhov

Every interaction of a living organism with its environment involves the placement of a bet. Armed with partial knowledge about a stochastic world, the organism must decide its next step or near-term strategy, an act that implicitly or…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-30 Philipp Fleig , Vijay Balasubramanian

Environmental fluctuations can shape replicator dynamics, with important consequences for both prebiotic and modern ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how simple replicators can acquire and use information about fluctuating…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Jordi Piñero , Damian R. Sowinski , Gourab Ghoshal , Adam Frank , Artemy Kolchinsky

We consider games of chance played by someone with external capital that cannot be applied to the game and determine how this affects risk-adjusted optimal betting. Specifically, we focus on Kelly optimization as a metric, optimizing the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-12-29 Stanislav Shalunov , Alexei Kitaev , Yakov Shalunov , Arseniy Akopyan

The focal point of this paper is the so-called Kelly Criterion, a prescription for optimal resource allocation among a set of gambles which are repeated over time. The criterion calls for maximization of the expected value of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-10-06 Chung-Han Hsieh , B. Ross Barmish

The growth rate of organisms depends both on external conditions and on internal states, such as the expression levels of various genes. We show that to achieve a criterion mean growth rate over an ensemble of conditions, the internal…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-12-31 Samuel F. Taylor , Naftali Tishby , William Bialek

In information theory, one area of interest is gambling, where mutual information characterizes the maximal gain in wealth growth rate due to knowledge of side information; the betting strategy that achieves this maximum is named the Kelly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Dror A. Vinkler , Haim H. Permuter , Neri Merhav

We study the problem of optimizing the betting frequency in a dynamic game setting using Kelly's celebrated expected logarithmic growth criterion as the performance metric. The game is defined by a sequence of bets with independent and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Chung-Han Hsieh , B. Ross Barmish , John A. Gubner

Kelly's Criterion is well known among gamblers and investors as a method for maximizing the returns one would expect to observe over long periods of betting or investing. These ideas are conspicuously absent from portfolio optimization…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-02-20 Zachariah Peterson

The original Kelly criterion provides a strategy to maximize the long-term growth of winnings in a sequence of simple Bernoulli bets with an edge, that is, when the expected return on each bet is positive. The objective of this work is to…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-11 Sergey Lototsky , Austin Pollok

The main purpose of this study is to introduce a semi-classical model describing betting scenarios in which, at variance with conventional approaches, the payoff of the gambler is encoded into the internal degrees of freedom of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Salvatore Tirone , Maddalena Ghio , Giulia Livieri , Vittorio Giovannetti , Stefano Marmi

In 1956 John Kelly wrote a paper at Bell Labs describing the relationship between gambling and Information Theory. What came to be known as the Kelly Criterion is both an objective and a closed-form solution to sizing wagers when odds and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Oscar Stiffelman

This paper characterizes the best possible rate of growth of wealth in a Kelly betting game when repeatedly betting against a general i.i.d. null hypothesis $\mathscr{P}$, but the data are drawn i.i.d from an arbitrary alternative $Q$. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Ashwin Ram , Aaditya Ramdas

Kelly betting is a prescription for optimal resource allocation among a set of gambles which are typically repeated in an independent and identically distributed manner. In this setting, there is a large body of literature which includes…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-10-06 Chung-Han Hsieh , B. Ross Barmish , John A. Gubner
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