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This paper studies the efficient implementation of safety filters that are designed using control barrier functions (CBFs), which minimally modify a nominal controller to render it safe with respect to a prescribed set of states. Although…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Pol Mestres , Shima Sadat Mousavi , Pio Ong , Lizhi Yang , Ersin Das , Joel W. Burdick , Aaron D. Ames

In this draft article, we consider the problem of achieving safe control of a dynamic system for which the safety index or (control barrier function (loosely)) has relative degree equal to two. We consider parameter affine nonlinear dynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-26 Jaskaran Singh Grover , Changliu Liu , Katia Sycara

Safety is a critical property for control systems in medicine, transportation, manufacturing, and other applications, and can be defined as ensuring positive invariance of a predefined safe set. This paper investigates the problems of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Andrew Clark

This paper presents a new approach for guaranteed safety subject to input constraints (e.g., actuator limits) using a composition of multiple control barrier functions (CBFs). First, we present a method for constructing a single CBF from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Pedram Rabiee , Jesse B. Hoagg

For a broad class of nonlinear systems, we formulate the problem of guaranteeing safety with optimality under constraints. Specifically, we define controlled safety for differential inclusions with constraints on the states and the inputs.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Masoumeh Ghanbarpour , Axton Isaly , Ricardo G. Sanfelice , Warren E. Dixon

To deploy safe and agile robots in cluttered environments, there is a need to develop fully decentralized controllers that guarantee safety, respect actuation limits, prevent deadlocks, and scale to thousands of agents. Current approaches…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Vrushabh Zinage , Abhishek Jha , Rohan Chandra , Efstathios Bakolas

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) are a powerful tool for ensuring robotic safety, but designing or learning valid CBFs for complex systems is a significant challenge. While Hamilton-Jacobi Reachability provides a formal method for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sander Tonkens , Sosuke Kojima , Chenhao Liu , Judy Masri , Sylvia Herbert

This letter addresses the constraint compatibility problem of control barrier functions (CBFs), which occurs when a safety-critical CBF requires a system to apply more control effort than it is capable of generating. This inevitably leads…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Logan E. Beaver

A common aspect of today's cyber-physical systems is that multiple optimization-based control tasks may execute in a shared processor. Such control tasks make use of online optimization and thus have large execution times; hence, their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-14 Mehdi Hosseinzadeh , Bruno Sinopoli , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Sanjoy Baruah

Path-tracking control of self-driving vehicles can benefit from deep learning for tackling longstanding challenges such as nonlinearity and uncertainty. However, deep neural controllers lack safety guarantees, restricting their practical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Zhizhen Qin , Tsui-Wei Weng , Sicun Gao

It has been shown that satisfying state and control constraints while optimizing quadratic costs subject to desired (sets of) state convergence for affine control systems can be reduced to a sequence of quadratic programs (QPs) by using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-18 Wei Xiao , Calin Belta , Christos G. Cassandras

Control barrier functions (CBFs) offer a powerful tool for enforcing safety specifications in control synthesis. This paper deals with the problem of constructing valid CBFs. Given a second-order system and any desired safety set with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Mohammed Alyaseen , Nikolay Atanasov , Jorge Cortes

We propose new methods to synthesize control barrier function (CBF)-based safe controllers that avoid input saturation, which can cause safety violations. In particular, our method is created for high-dimensional, general nonlinear systems,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Simin Liu , Changliu Liu , John Dolan

We propose Kernel Predictive Control (KPC), a learning-based predictive control strategy that enjoys deterministic guarantees of safety. Noise-corrupted samples of the unknown system dynamics are used to learn several models through the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-24 Emilio T. Maddalena , Paul Scharnhorst , Yuning Jiang , Colin N. Jones

The control barrier function (CBF) has become a fundamental tool in safety-critical systems design since its invention. Typically, the quadratic optimization framework is employed to accommodate CBFs, control Lyapunov functions (CLFs),…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Junjun Xie , Liang Hu , Jiahu Qin , Jun Yang , Huijun Gao

We present a new guaranteed-safe model predictive path integral (GS-MPPI) control algorithm that enhances sample efficiency in nonlinear systems with multiple safety constraints. The approach use a composite control barrier function (CBF)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-04 Pedram Rabiee , Jesse B. Hoagg

In multi-obstacle environments, real-time performance and safety in robot motion control have long been challenging issues, as conventional methods often struggle to balance the two. In this paper, we propose a novel motion control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Longze Zheng , Qinghe Liu

Ensuring both performance and safety is critical for autonomous systems operating in real-world environments. While safety filters such as Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) enforce constraints by modifying nominal controllers in real time,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Aditya Singh , Aastha Mishra , Manan Tayal , Shishir Kolathaya , Pushpak Jagtap

Predictive safety filters enable the integration of potentially unsafe learning-based control approaches and humans into safety-critical systems. In addition to simple constraint satisfaction, many control problems involve additional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Elias Milios , Kim Peter Wabersich , Felix Berkel , Lukas Schwenkel

Ensuring safe exploration in high-dimensional systems with unknown dynamics remains a significant challenge. Existing safe reinforcement learning methods often provide safety guarantees only in expectation, which can still lead to safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Rahul Narava , Siddharth Verma , Ojas Jain , Shashi Shekhar Jha , Mayank Shekhar Jha