Related papers: Atom-generated planar lattices
We prove that every lattice with more than one element has a proper congruence-preserving extension.
Planck units are natural physical scales of mass, length and time, built with the help of the fundamental constants $\hbar, c, G$. The functional role of the constants used for the construction of Planck units is different. If the first two…
Let $G$ be a finite almost simple group. It is well known that $G$ can be generated by 3 elements, and in previous work we showed that 6 generators suffice for all maximal subgroups of $G$. In this paper we consider subgroups at the next…
Part B (of a project involving four Parts) is about "bases of lines", a concept introduced by C. Herrmann and the author in the late 80's. Bases of lines attempt to describe a given modular lattice in a geometric way akin to how projective…
Let O be the ring of S-integers in a number field k. We prove that if the group of units O^* is infinite then every matrix in $\Gamma$ = SL_2(O) is a product of at most 9 elementary matrices. This completes a long line of research in this…
Two types of particles, A and B with their corresponding antiparticles, are defined in a one dimensional cyclic lattice with an odd number of sites. In each step of time evolution, each particle acts as a source for the polarization field…
We determine the maximum number of edges that a planar graph can have as a function of its maximum degree and matching number.
Generation of odd harmonics by a super strong focused laser beam in vacuum is considered. The process occurs due to the plural light-by-light scattering effect. In the leading order of perturbation theory, generation of $(2k+1)$th harmonic…
We prove identities generating higher dimensional vector partitions. We derive theorems for integer lattice points in the 2D first quadrant, then generalize the approach to find 3D and $n$-space lattice point vector region extensions. We…
We create a gray optical lattice structure using a blue detuned laser field coupling an atomic ground state of angular momentum J simultaneously to two excited states with angular momenta J and J-1. The atoms are cooled and trapped at…
This paper primarily studies monomial ideals by their associated lcm-lattices. It first introduces notions of weak coordinatizations of finite atomic lattices which have weaker hypotheses than coordinatizations and shows the…
The atoms of a regular language are non-empty intersections of complemented and uncomplemented quotients of the language. Tight upper bounds on the number of atoms of a language and on the quotient complexities of atoms are known. We…
We consider the problem of constructing dense lattices of R^n with a given automorphism group. We exhibit a family of such lattices of density at least cn/2^n, which matches, up to a multiplicative constant, the best known density of a…
In this article, we present two methods to construct 2-uninorms on bounded lattices by using additive generators, which are further used for inducing uninorms, nullnorms, uni-nullnorms and null-uninorms, respectively. We also provide some…
Following G.~Gr\"atzer and E.~Knapp, 2009, a planar semimodular lattice $L$ is \emph{rectangular}, if~the left boundary chain has exactly one doubly-irreducible element, $c_l$, and the right boundary chain has exactly one doubly-irreducible…
We prove in Theorem $2.2$ that the multiplicatively closed subset generated by at most two elements in the set of natural numbers $\mathbb{N}$ has arbitrarily large gaps by explicitly constructing large integer intervals with known prime…
We quantify the entanglement generated between an atom and a laser pulse in free space. We find that the entanglement calculated using a simple closed-system Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian is in remarkable agreement with a full open-system…
Given a join semilattice $S$ with a minimum $\hat{0}$, the quarks (also called atoms in order theory) are the elements that cover $\hat{0}$, and for each $x \in S \setminus \{\hat{0}\}$ a factorization (into quarks) of $x$ is a minimal set…
Two-dimensional materials can be crafted with structural precision approaching the atomic scale, enabling quantum defects-by-design. These defects are frequently described as artificial atoms and are emerging optically-addressable spin…
A graph drawn in the plane with straight-line edges is called a geometric graph. If no path of length at most $k$ in a geometric graph $G$ is self-intersecting we call $G$ $k$-locally plane. The main result of this paper is a construction…