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The appearance of debris disks around distant stars depends upon the scattering/phase function (SPF) of the material in the disk. However, characterizing the SPFs of these extrasolar debris disks is challenging because only a limited range…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-24 M. M. Hedman , C. C. Stark

Juno and Cassini have shown that Jupiter and Saturn likely contain extended gradients of heavy elements. Yet, how these gradients can survive over billions of years remains an open question. Classical convection theories predict rapid…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-25 J. R. Fuentes , Christopher R. Mankovich , Ankan Sur

Plasma rotation plays a large role in determining the size and shape of Saturn's disc-like magnetosphere. A magnetosphere more confined to the equator in the polar regions is expected as a result of the interaction between this type of…

The Cassini mission entered the Grand Finale phase in April 2017 and executed 22.5 highly inclined, close-in orbits around Saturn before diving into the planet on September 15th 2017. Here we present our analysis of the Cassini Grand Finale…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-19 Hao Cao , Michele K. Dougherty , Gregory J. Hunt , Gabrielle Provan , Stanley W. H. Cowley , Emma J. Bunce , David J. Stevenson

We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and subsequent orbital evolution of giant planets embedded in a circumbinary disc. We assume that a 20 earth masses core has migrated to the edge of the inner cavity formed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Arnaud Pierens , Richard P. Nelson

Previous investigations of Saturn's outer D ring (73,200-74,000 km from Saturn's center) identified periodic brightness variations whose radial wavenumber increased linearly over time. This pattern was attributed to a vertical corrugation,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 M. M. Hedman , J. A. Burns , M. R. Showalter

The nature and structure of the observed east-west flows on Jupiter and Saturn has been one of the longest-lasting mysteries in planetary science. This mystery has been recently unraveled due to the accurate gravity measurements provided by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Yohai Kaspi , Eli Galanti , Adam P. Showman , David J. Stevenson , Tristan Guillot , Luciano Iess , Scott J. Bolton

Saturn's magnetic field is remarkably axisymmetric. Its dipole axis is inclined by less than 0.2 deg with respect to its rotation axis. Rotationally driven convection of magnetospheric plasma breaks the axisymmetry of its external magnetic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Peter Goldreich , Alison J. Farmer

The Iapetus -1:0 nodal bending wave, the first spiral wave ever described in Saturn's rings, has been seen again for the first time in 29 years. We demonstrate that it is in fact the nodal bending wave, not the 1:0 apsidal density wave as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Matthew S. Tiscareno , Matthew M. Hedman , Joseph A. Burns , John W. Weiss , Carolyn C. Porco

Tidal dissipation in planetary interiors is one of the key physical mechanisms that drive the evolution of star-planet and planet-moon systems. New constraints are now obtained both in the Solar and exoplanetary systems. Tidal dissipation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-21 M. Guenel , S. Mathis , F. Remus

The observed exoplanet population exhibits a scarcity of short-period Saturn-mass planets, a phenomenon referred to as the ``hot Saturn desert". This observational scarcity can be utilized to validate the theories regarding the formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-30 Minghao Xie , Sheng Jin , Dong-Hong Wu

The discovery of many exoplanets has revealed an incredible diversity of orbital architectures. These orbital configurations are intrinsically linked to the potential for habitable environments within the system, since the gravitational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Stephen R. Kane , Emma L. Miles

Using numerical simulations, we show that smooth migration of the giant planets through a planetesimal disk leads to an orbital architecture that is inconsistent with the current one: the resulting eccentricities and inclinations of their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-11 Morbidelli Alessandro , Ramon Brasser , Kleomenis Tsiganis , Rodney Gomes , Harold F. Levison

The Lagrange planetary equations are used to study to secular evolution of a small, eccentric satellite that orbits within a narrow gap in a broad, self-gravitating planetary ring. These equations show that the satellite's secular…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Joseph M. Hahn

We study how stably stratified or semi-convective layers alter tidal dissipation rates associated with the generation of inertial, gravito-inertial, interfacial and surface gravity waves in rotating giant planets. We explore scenarios in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-07 Christina M. Pontin , Adrian J. Barker , Rainer Hollerbach

In the last few years Cassini-VIMS, the Visible and Infared Mapping Spectrometer, returned to us a comprehensive view of the Saturn's icy satellites and rings. After having analyzed the satellites' spectral properties (Filacchione et al.…

We analyze the range rate residual data from Cassini's gravity experiment that cannot be explained with a static, zonally symmetric gravity field. In this paper we reproduce the data using a simple forward model of gravity perturbations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-10 Steve Markham , Daniele Durante , Luciano Iess , Dave Stevenson

Recent observations of Jupiter and Saturn provided by spacecraft missions, such as Juno and Cassini, compel us to revise and improve our models of giant planet interiors. Even though hydrogen and helium are by far the dominant species in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-30 François Soubiran , Burkhard Militzer , Kevin P. Driver , Shuai Zhang

Seismology is the main tool for inferring the deep interior structures of Earth and potentially also of other planetary bodies in the solar system. Terrestrial seismology is influenced by the presence of the ocean-generated microseismic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-20 Simon C. Stähler , Mark P. Panning , Céline Hadziioannou , Ralph Lorenz , Steve Vance , Knut Klingbeil , Sharon Kedar

Regarding tidal dissipation in Saturn, usually parameterized by Saturn's quality factor Q, there remains a discrepancy between conventional estimates and the latest determination that has been derived from astrometric observations of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-22 Daigo Shoji , Hauke Hussmann