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In this paper, we propose to employ a modular-based movable extremely large-scale array (XL-array) at Alice for enhancing covert communication performance. Compared with existing work that mostly considered either far-field or near-field…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Chao Zhou , Changsheng You , Cong Zhou , Hai Lin , Yi Gong

Massive antenna arrays form physically large apertures with a beam-focusing capability, leading to outstanding wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency paired with low radiation levels outside the focusing region. However, leveraging these…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Benjamin J. B. Deutschmann , Thomas Wilding , Maximilian Graber , Klaus Witrisal

With the deployment of large antenna arrays at high frequency bands, future wireless communication systems are likely to operate in the radiative near-field. Unlike far-field beam steering, near-field beams can be focused within a spatial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Ahmed Hussain , Asmaa Abdallah , Abdulkadir Celik , Ahmed M. Eltawil

Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) represent a novel transceiver array architecture for extremely large-scale (XL) communications, offering the advantages of reduced power consumption and lower hardware costs compared to conventional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Songjie Yang , Wanting Lyu , Boyu Ning , Yue Xiu , Youzhi Xiong , Hua Chen , Chadi Assi , Chau Yuen

Extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) is promising as one of the key ingredients for the sixth generation (6G) of wireless communications. The electromagnetic propagation of spherical wavefronts introduces an additional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xu Shi , Xuehan Wang , Jingbo Tan , Jintao Wang

The natural integration of extremely large antenna arrays (ELAAs) and terahertz (THz) communications can potentially achieve Tbps data rates in 6G networks. However, due to the extremely large array aperture and wide bandwidth, a new…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mingyao Cui , Linglong Dai

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO), which offers vast spatial degrees of freedom, has emerged as a potentially pivotal enabling technology for the sixth generation (6G) of wireless mobile networks. With its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Zhe Wang , Jiayi Zhang , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Shuguang Cui , Bo Ai , Mérouane Debbah , Khaled B. Letaief , H. Vincent Poor

We present a unified model for connected antenna arrays with a large number of tightly integrated (i.e., coupled) antennas in a compact space within the context of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication. We refer to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Mohamed Akrout , Volodymyr Shyianov , Faouzi Bellili , Amine Mezghani , Robert W. Heath

In the evolving landscape of sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are incorporating an unprecedented number of antenna elements, advancing towards Extremely large-scale…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Yuan Gao , Xinyu Guo , Han Li , Jianbo Du , Shugong Xu

Modern MIMO communication systems are almost exclusively designed under the assumption of locally plane wavefronts over antenna arrays. This is known as the far-field approximation and is soundly justified at sub-6-GHz frequencies at most…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Giacomo Bacci , Luca Sanguinetti , Emil Björnson

The recent trends of densification and centralized signal processing in radio access networks suggest that future networks may comprise ubiquitous antennas coordinated to form a network-wide gigantic array, referred to as the ubiquitous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-01 Kaibin Huang , Jiayi Chen , Vincent K. N. Lau

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key technology for next-generation wireless communication systems. By deploying significantly more antennas than conventional massive MIMO systems, XL-MIMO promises…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Ming Zeng , Ji Wang , Wanming Hao , Zheng Chu , Wenwu Xie , Quoc-Viet Pham

In an extra-large scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) system, the antenna arrays have a large physical size that goes beyond the dimensions in traditional MIMO systems. Because of this large dimensionality, the optimization of an XL-MIMO system leads to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-04 Abolfazl Amiri , Carles Navarro Manch'on , Elisabeth de Carvalho

Extremely large-scale multi-input multi-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology for the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks, thanks to its superior spatial resolution and beamforming gains. In order to realize XL-MIMO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Xuancheng Zhu , Zhiwen Zhou , Zhenjun Dong , Yong Zeng

In this paper, we propose a super-resolution wideband beam training method for near-field communications, which is able to achieve ultra-low overhead. To this end, we first study the multi-beam characteristic of a sparse uniform linear…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-06 Cong Zhou , Changsheng You , Shuo Shi , Jiasi Zhou , Chenyu Wu

The problem of multi-objective design of sparse MIMO arrays for better multitarget detection capabilities is considered. A novel approach for efficient utilization of the antenna design resources; namely, the number of available array…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-24 Suleyman Gokhun Tanyer , Paul Dent , Murtaza Ali , Curtis Davis , SenthinelKumar Rajagopal , Peter Driessen

We propose an efficient method for designing broad beams with spatially flat array factor and efficient power utilization for cell-specific coverage in communication systems equipped with large antenna arrays. To ensure full power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Maksym A. Girnyk , Sven O. Petersson

Millimeter wave (mmW) communications is the key enabler of 5G cellular networks due to vast spectrum availability that could boost peak rate and capacity. Due to increased propagation loss in mmW band, transceivers with massive antenna…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-20 Han Yan , Sridhar Ramesh , Timothy Gallagher , Curtis Ling , Danijela Cabric

This paper provides a thorough mathematical analysis of continuous movable antenna (MA) arrays. Focusing on the multiple antenna case, we consider a linear antenna array with multiple fixed antenna elements that moves along a line. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Gayani Siriwardana , Peter J. Smith , Himal A. Suraweera , Rajitha Senanayake

This paper presents key performance metrics for near-field communication and sensing systems and their scaling behavior as a function of the antenna array aperture. Analytical expressions are derived for several standard array geometries to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Marcin Wachowiak , André Bourdoux , Sofie Pollin