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Benchmark experiments are required to test, compare, tune, and understand optimization algorithms. Ideally, benchmark problems closely reflect real-world problem behavior. Yet, real-world problems are not always readily available for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Martin Zaefferer , Frederik Rehbach

In this paper, we build upon previous work on designing informative and efficient Exploratory Landscape Analysis features for characterizing problems' landscapes and show their effectiveness in automatically constructing algorithm selection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-30 Pascal Kerschke , Heike Trautmann

Benchmarks are a useful tool for empirical performance comparisons. However, one of the main shortcomings of existing benchmarks is that it remains largely unclear how they relate to real-world problems. What does an algorithm's performance…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Koen van der Blom , Timo M. Deist , Tea Tušar , Mariapia Marchi , Yusuke Nojima , Akira Oyama , Vanessa Volz , Boris Naujoks

We introduce COCO, an open source platform for Comparing Continuous Optimizers in a black-box setting. COCO aims at automatizing the tedious and repetitive task of benchmarking numerical optimization algorithms to the greatest possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Nikolaus Hansen , Anne Auger , Raymond Ros , Olaf Mersmann , Tea Tušar , Dimo Brockhoff

Optimisation algorithms are commonly compared on benchmarks to get insight into performance differences. However, it is not clear how closely benchmarks match the properties of real-world problems because these properties are largely…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Koen van der Blom , Timo M. Deist , Vanessa Volz , Mariapia Marchi , Yusuke Nojima , Boris Naujoks , Akira Oyama , Tea Tušar

Despite the recent progress in hyperparameter optimization (HPO), available benchmarks that resemble real-world scenarios consist of a few and very large problem instances that are expensive to solve. This blocks researchers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Aaron Klein , Zhenwen Dai , Frank Hutter , Neil Lawrence , Javier Gonzalez

Research on new optimization algorithms is often funded based on the motivation that such algorithms might improve the capabilities to deal with real-world and industrially relevant optimization challenges. Besides a huge variety of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Ramses Sala , Ralf Müller

We present a novel approach for constructing discrete optimization benchmarks that enables fine-grained control over problem properties, and such benchmarks can facilitate analyzing discrete algorithm behaviors. We build benchmark problems…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Furong Ye , Frank Neumann , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein

Exploratory landscape analysis and fitness landscape analysis in general have been pivotal in facilitating problem understanding, algorithm design and endeavors such as automated algorithm selection and configuration. These techniques have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Raphael Patrick Prager , Heike Trautmann

Fair algorithm evaluation is conditioned on the existence of high-quality benchmark datasets that are non-redundant and are representative of typical optimization scenarios. In this paper, we evaluate three heuristics for selecting diverse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Gjorgjina Cenikj , Ryan Dieter Lang , Andries Petrus Engelbrecht , Carola Doerr , Peter Korošec , Tome Eftimov

Evaluation of foundation models often rely on aggregate scores from benchmarks that lack comprehensive coverage and metadata for a fine-grained evaluation. We introduce a framework for automated benchmark generation. Our framework generates…

Solving many-objective problems (MaOPs) is still a significant challenge in the multi-objective optimization (MOO) field. One way to measure algorithm performance is through the use of benchmark functions (also called test functions or test…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Ivan Reinaldo Meneghini , Marcos Antonio Alves , António Gaspar-Cunha , Frederico Gadelha Guimarães

Benchmarking the performance of quantum optimization algorithms is crucial for identifying utility for industry-relevant use cases. Benchmarking processes vary between optimization applications and depend on user-specified goals. The…

Benchmark problems play a central role in assessing the performance of numerical optimization algorithms. However, many existing constrained multiobjective optimization benchmark problems rely on overly restricted constructions or lack…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Anne Auger , Dimo Brockhoff , Luka Opravš , Tea Tušar

Benchmarks are crucial to measuring and steering progress in artificial intelligence (AI). However, recent studies raised concerns over the state of AI benchmarking, reporting issues such as benchmark overfitting, benchmark saturation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Simon Ott , Adriano Barbosa-Silva , Kathrin Blagec , Jan Brauner , Matthias Samwald

Benchmarking plays an important role in the development of novel search algorithms as well as for the assessment and comparison of contemporary algorithmic ideas. This paper presents common principles that need to be taken into account when…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Michael Hellwig , Hans-Georg Beyer

This document describes the generalized moving peaks benchmark (GMPB) and how it can be used to generate problem instances for continuous large-scale dynamic optimization problems. It presents a set of 15 benchmark problems, the relevant…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Mohammad Nabi Omidvar , Danial Yazdani , Juergen Branke , Xiaodong Li , Shengxiang Yang , Xin Yao

Data management has traditionally relied on synthetic data generators to generate structured benchmarks, like the TPC suite, where we can control important parameters like data size and its distribution precisely. These benchmarks were…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Koyena Pal , Aamod Khatiwada , Roee Shraga , Renée J. Miller

Benchmarking is an important tool for assessing the relative performance of alternative solving approaches. However, the utility of benchmarking is limited by the quantity and quality of the available problem instances. Modern constraint…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Nguyen Dang , Özgür Akgün , Joan Espasa , Ian Miguel , Peter Nightingale

Despite the abundance of benchmark problems for optimization algorithms, there is a notable scarcity of such problems in multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO). To address this gap, we introduce a novel methodology that enables the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Matthias De Lozzo , Olivier Roustant , Amine Aziz-Alaoui
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