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The boundary between classical and quantum correlations is well characterised by linear constraints called Bell inequalities. It is much harder to characterise the boundary of the quantum set itself in the space of no-signaling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-25 Yi-Zheng Zhen , Koon Tong Goh , Yu-Lin Zheng , Wen-Fei Cao , Xingyao Wu , Kai Chen , Valerio Scarani

Quantum theory allows for nonlocality without entanglement. Notably, there exist bipartite quantum measurements consisting of only product eigenstates, yet they cannot be implemented via local quantum operations and classical communication.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Ivan Šupić , Nicolas Brunner

A necessary condition for the probabilities of a set of events to exhibit Bell nonlocality or Kochen-Specker contextuality is that the graph of exclusivity of the events contains induced odd cycles with five or more vertices, called odd…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Lucas E. A. Porto , Rafael Rabelo , Marcelo Terra Cunha , Adán Cabello

It is one of the most remarkable features of quantum physics that measurements on spatially separated systems cannot always be described by a locally causal theory. In such a theory, the outcomes of local measurements are determined in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Yeong-Cherng Liang

A homomorphism from a graph $X$ to a graph $Y$ is an adjacency preserving mapping $f:V(X) \rightarrow V(Y)$. We consider a nonlocal game in which Alice and Bob are trying to convince a verifier with certainty that a graph $X$ admits a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson

We report on the experimental realization of two different Bell inequality tests based on six-qubit linear-type and Y-shape graph states. For each of these states, the Bell inequalities tested are optimal in the sense that they provide the…

Consider the task of verifying that a given quantum device, designed to produce a particular entangled state, does indeed produce that state. One natural approach would be to characterise the output state by quantum state tomography; or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-26 Sam Pallister , Noah Linden , Ashley Montanaro

The symmetries of a finite graph are described by its automorphism group; in the setting of Woronowicz's quantum groups, a notion of a quantum automorphism group has been defined by Banica capturing the quantum symmetries of the graph. In…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2019-07-01 Christian Eder , Viktor Levandovskyy , Julien Schanz , Simon Schmidt , Andreas Steenpass , Moritz Weber

One of the key tasks in physics is to perform measurements in order to determine the state of a system. Often, measurements are aimed at determining the values of physical parameters, but one can also ask simpler questions, such as "is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-01 Jan de Boer , Victor Godet , Jani Kastikainen , Esko Keski-Vakkuri

We present the prospects of detecting quantum entanglement and the violation of Bell inequalities in $t\bar{t}$ events at the LHC. We introduce a unique set of observables suitable for both measurements, and then perform the corresponding…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-04-20 Claudio Severi , Cristian Degli Esposti Boschi , Fabio Maltoni , Maximiliano Sioli

The emergence of quantum devices has raised a significant issue: how to certify the quantum properties of a device without placing trust in it. To characterise quantum states and measurements in a device-independent way, up to some degree…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Shubhayan Sarkar , Alexandre C. Orthey, , Remigiusz Augusiak

Fundamental investigations in non-locality have shown that while the no-signaling principle alone is not sufficient to single out the set of quantum non-local correlations, local quantum mechanics and no-signaling together exactly reproduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-22 Michał Banacki , Piotr Mironowicz , Ravishankar Ramanathan , Paweł Horodecki

Correlation self-testing of quantum theory involves identifying a task or set of tasks whose optimal performance can be achieved only by theories that can realise the same set of correlations as quantum theory in every causal structure.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Kuntal Sengupta , Mirjam Weilenmann , Roger Colbeck

Certifying individual quantum devices with minimal assumptions is crucial for the development of quantum technologies. Here, we investigate how to leverage single-system contextuality to realize self-testing. We develop a robust…

Contextuality is a fundamental feature of quantum theory and a necessary resource for quantum computation and communication. It is therefore important to investigate how large contextuality can be in quantum theory. Linear contextuality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-21 Barbara Amaral , Marcelo Terra Cunha , Adán Cabello

Self-testing protocols enable the certification of quantum systems in a device-independent manner, i.e. without knowledge of the inner workings of the quantum devices under test. Here, we demonstrate this high standard for characterization…

Besides using the laser beam, it is very tempting to directly testify the Bell inequality at high energy experiments where the spin correlation is exactly what the original Bell inequality investigates. In this work, we follow the proposal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-31 Xi-Qing Hao , Hong-Wei Ke , Yi-Bing Ding , Peng-Nian Shen , Xue-Qian Li

Scientific inquiry seeks causal explanations of observed phenomena. The Bell experiment provides a paradigmatic case, revealing correlations between spatially separated systems that no local model can reproduce. Such correlations, known as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Mark Broom , Talel Naccache , Emmanuel M. Pothos , Christoph Gallus , Pawel Blasiak

Self-testing is a method to infer the underlying physics of a quantum experiment in a black box scenario. As such it represents the strongest form of certification for quantum systems. In recent years a considerable self-testing literature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-07 Ivan Šupić , Joseph Bowles

Bell's theorem is often said to imply that quantum mechanics violates local causality, and that local causality cannot be restored with a hidden-variables theory. This however is only correct if the hidden-variables theory fulfils an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Jonte R. Hance , Sabine Hossenfelder , Tim N. Palmer