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This paper concerns robust inference on average treatment effects following model selection. In the selection on observables framework, we show how to construct confidence intervals based on a doubly-robust estimator that are robust to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-13 Max H. Farrell

In consequential domains, it is often impossible to compel individuals to take treatment, so that optimal policy rules are merely suggestions in the presence of human non-adherence to treatment recommendations. We study personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Angela Zhou

This paper deals with the problem of estimating variables in nonlinear models for the spread of disease and its application to the COVID-19 epidemic. First unconstrained methods are revisited and they are shown to correspond to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-20 Mauricio C. de Oliveira

Causal inference methods are widely applied in various decision-making domains such as precision medicine, optimal policy and economics. Central to these applications is the treatment effect estimation of intervention strategies. Current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Tri Dung Duong , Qian Li , Guandong Xu

We study the problem of deriving policies, or rules, that when enacted on a complex system, cause a desired outcome. Absent the ability to perform controlled experiments, such rules have to be inferred from past observations of the system's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Kailash Budhathoki , Mario Boley , Jilles Vreeken

Consider a situation with two treatments, the first of which is randomized but the second is not, and the multifactor version of this. Interest is in treatment effects, defined using standard factorial notation. We define estimators for the…

In this paper, we propose a data-adaptive empirical likelihood-based approach for treatment effect estimation and inference, which overcomes the obstacle of the traditional empirical likelihood-based approaches in the high-dimensional…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-15 Wei Liang , Ying Yan

The unit selection problem aims to identify a set of individuals who are most likely to exhibit a desired mode of behavior, for example, selecting individuals who would respond one way if encouraged and a different way if not encouraged.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Ang Li , Judea Pearl

When data are clustered, common practice has become to do OLS and use an estimator of the covariance matrix of the OLS estimator that comes close to unbiasedness. In this paper we derive an estimator that is unbiased when the random-effects…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-06-22 Tom Boot , Gianmaria Niccodemi , Tom Wansbeek

The COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has had the world in its grip from the beginning of 2020, has resulted in an unprecedented level of public interest and media attention on the field of mathematical epidemiology. Ever…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-25 Sitabhra Sinha

Estimating how a treatment affects different individuals, known as heterogeneous treatment effect estimation, is an important problem in empirical sciences. In the last few years, there has been a considerable interest in adapting machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Christopher Tran , Keith Burghardt , Kristina Lerman , Elena Zheleva

When studying treatment effects in multilevel studies, investigators commonly use (semi-)parametric estimators, which make strong parametric assumptions about the outcome, the treatment, and/or the correlation structure between study units…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-12 Chan Park , Hyunseung Kang

Most existing notions of algorithmic fairness are one-shot: they ensure some form of allocative equality at the time of decision making, but do not account for the adverse impact of the algorithmic decisions today on the long-term welfare…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Hoda Heidari , Vedant Nanda , Krishna P. Gummadi

In this work we present a framework which may transform research and praxis in epidemic planning. Introduced in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we provide a concrete demonstration of the way algorithms may learn from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Sekou L. Remy , Oliver E. Bent

There is a long-standing debate in the statistical, epidemiological and econometric fields as to whether nonparametric estimation that uses data-adaptive methods, like machine learning algorithms in model fitting, confer any meaningful…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-21 Kara E. Rudolph , Nicholas Williams , Caleb H. Miles , Joseph Antonelli , Ivan Diaz

Recent methodological research in causal inference has focused on effects of stochastic interventions, which assign treatment randomly, often according to subject-specific covariates. In this work, we demonstrate that the usual notion of…

Combating an epidemic entails finding a plan that describes when and how to apply different interventions, such as mask-wearing mandates, vaccinations, school or workplace closures. An optimal plan will curb an epidemic with minimal loss of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Anh Mai , Nikunj Gupta , Azza Abouzied , Dennis Shasha

A key challenge for robotic systems is to figure out the behavior of another agent. The capability to draw correct inferences is crucial to derive human behavior from examples. Processing correct inferences is especially challenging when…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Alexander Wich , Holger Schultheis , Michael Beetz

Most approaches in algorithmic fairness constrain machine learning methods so the resulting predictions satisfy one of several intuitive notions of fairness. While this may help private companies comply with non-discrimination laws or avoid…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-08 Matt J. Kusner , Chris Russell , Joshua R. Loftus , Ricardo Silva

Estimating a causal query from observational data is an essential task in the analysis of biomolecular networks. Estimation takes as input a network topology, a query estimation method, and observational measurements on the network…