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We prove a strong form of the invariance under re-rooting of the distribution of the continuous random trees called Levy trees. This extends previous results due to several authors.

Probability · Mathematics 2009-02-24 Thomas Duquesne , Jean-Francois Le Gall

Rooted, weighted continuum random trees are used to describe limits of sequences of random discrete trees. Formally, they are random quadruples $(\mathcal{T},d,r,p)$, where $(\mathcal{T},d)$ is a tree-like metric space, $r\in\mathcal{T}$ is…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-29 Noah Forman

Let $T$ be a locally finite tree all of whose vertices have valency at least $6$. We classify, up to isomorphism, the closed subgroups of $\mathrm{Aut}(T)$ acting $2$-transitively on the set of ends of $T$ and whose local action at each…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Nicolas Radu

A fruitful way of obtaining meaningful, possibly concrete, algorithmically random numbers is to consider a potential behaviour of a Turing machine and its probability with respect to a measure (or semi-measure) on the input space of binary…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-13 George Barmpalias , Douglas Cenzer , Christopher P. Porter

Pipage rounding is a dependent random sampling technique that has several interesting properties and diverse applications. One property that has been particularly useful is negative correlation of the resulting vector. Unfortunately…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-07-10 Nicholas J. A. Harvey , Neil Olver

We obtained Pearson's coefficient of strongly correlated recursive networks growing by preferential attachment of every new vertex by $m$ edges. We found that the Pearson coefficient is exactly zero in the infinite network limit for the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 S. N. Dorogovtsev , A. L. Ferreira , A. V. Goltsev , J. F. F. Mendes

Let $T$ be an infinite rooted tree with weights $w_e$ assigned to its edges. Denote by $m_n(T)$ the minimum weight of a path from the root to a node of the $n$th generation. We consider the possible behaviour of $m_n(T)$ with focus on the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-11-18 Omid Amini , Luc Devroye , Simon Griffiths , Neil Olver

We develop some theory of spinal decompositions of discrete and continuous fragmentation trees. Specifically, we consider a coarse and a fine spinal integer partition derived from spinal tree decompositions. We prove that for a…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-08-27 Bénédicte Haas , Jim Pitman , Matthias Winkel

We study the growth of a time-ordered rooted tree by probabilistic attachment of new vertices to leaves. We construct a likelihood function of the leaves based on the connectivity of the tree. We take such connectivity to be induced by the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Nomvelo Sibisi

Random paths are time continuous interpolations of random walks. By using Littelmann path model, we associate to each irreducible highest weight module of a Kac Moody algebra g a random path W. Under suitable hypotheses, we make explicit…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-24 Cédric Lecouvey , Emmanuel Lesigne , Marc Peigné

The main result of this paper is that the isomorphism for omega-automatic trees of finite height is at least has hard as second-order arithmetic and therefore not analytical. This strengthens a recent result by Hjorth, Khoussainov,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-04-06 Dietrich Kuske , Jiamou Liu , Markus Lohrey

Inspired by Stufler's recent probabilistic proof of Otter's asymptotic number of unlabeled trees, we revisit work of Palmer and Schwenk, and study unlabeled forests from a probabilistic point of view. We show that the number of trees in a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Michal Bassan , Serte Donderwinkel , Brett Kolesnik

This paper extends the study of fringe trees in random plane trees with a given degree statistic. While previous work established the asymptotic normality of the count of fringe trees isomorphic to a fixed tree, we investigate the case…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Gabriel Berzunza Ojeda , Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson

The probability that two randomly selected phylogenetic trees of the same size are isomorphic is found to be asymptotic to a decreasing exponential modulated by a polynomial factor. The number of symmetrical nodes in a random phylogenetic…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-07 Miklos Bona , Philippe Flajolet

The branching-ruin number of a tree, which describes its asymptotic growth and geometry, can be seen as a polynomial version of the branching number. This quantity was defined by Collevecchio, Kious and Sidoravicius (2018) in order to…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-11-21 Andrea Collevecchio , Cong Bang Huynh , Daniel Kious

The first part of this paper ( arXiv:1607.02114 ) introduced splitting trees, those chronological trees admitting the self-similarity property where individuals give birth, at constant rate, to iid copies of themselves. It also established…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Amaury Lambert , Gerónimo Uribe Bravo

We compute the magnitude (an isometric invariant of metric spaces) of compact $\mathbb{R}$-trees and show that it equals $1 + L/2$, where $L \in [0, \infty]$ denotes the total length. Although length is the only geometric invariant captured…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Philippe Bouafia

Random code-trees with necks were introduced recently to generalise the notion of $V$-variable and random homogeneous sets. While it is known that the Hausdorff and packing dimensions coincide irrespective of overlaps, their exact Hausdorff…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-04-01 Sascha Troscheit

The Calkin-Wilf tree is an infinite binary tree whose vertices are the positive rational numbers. Each number occurs in the tree exactly once and in the form $a/b$, where are $a$ and $b$ are relatively prime positive integers. For every…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-22 Melvyn B. Nathanson

We study topological properties of random metric spaces which arise by Lambda-coalescents. These are stochastic processes, which start with an infinite number of lines and evolve through multiple mergers in an exchangeable setting. We show…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-05-13 Holger F. Biehler , Peter Pfaffelhuber