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We consider the random conductance model, where the underlying graph is an infinite supercritical Galton--Watson tree, the conductances are independent but their distribution may depend on the degree of the incident vertices. We prove that,…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Nina Gantert , Sebastian Müller , Serguei Popov , Marina Vachkovskaia

We consider the model of random trees introduced by Devroye [SIAM J. Comput. 28 (1999) 409-432]. The model encompasses many important randomized algorithms and data structures. The pieces of data (items) are stored in a randomized fashion…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-11-05 Nicolas Broutin , Cecilia Holmgren

We prove that for an arbitrary subtree $T$ of $2^{<\omega}$ with each element extendable to a path, a given countable class $\mathcal{M}$ closed under disjoint union, and any set $A$, if none of the members of $\mathcal{M}$ strongly…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-02-12 Lu Liu

We study random trees which are invariant in law under the operation of contracting each edge independently with probability $p\in(0,1)$. We show that all such trees can be constructed through Poissonian sampling from a certain class of…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-20 Olivier Hénard , Pascal Maillard

The last decade has shed some light on theoretical properties such as their consistency for regression tasks. In the current paper, we propose a new class of very simple learners based on so-called naive trees. These naive trees partition…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-18 Nico Föge , Markus Pauly , Lena Schmid , Marc Ditzhaus

A general formulation is presented for continuum scaling limits of stochastic spanning trees. A spanning tree is expressed in this limit through a consistent collection of subtrees, which includes a tree for every finite set of endpoints in…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-06-19 Michael Aizenman , Almut Burchard , Charles M. Newman , David B. Wilson

A Random walk labeling of a graph $G$ is any labeling of $G$ that could have been obtained by performing a random walk on $G$. Continuing two recent works, we calculate the number of random walk labelings of perfect trees, combs, and double…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-02 Sela Fried , Toufik Mansour

Decision tree learning is increasingly being used for pointwise inference. Important applications include causal heterogenous treatment effects and dynamic policy decisions, as well as conditional quantile regression and design of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-08 Matias D. Cattaneo , Jason M. Klusowski , Peter M. Tian

Random forests construct each tree with a different, randomised representation of the feature space. Their uniform voting cannot correct errors in regions where trees with incorrect representations probabilistically outnumber correct ones,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Youngjoon Park

We consider random binary trees that appear as the output of certain standard algorithms for sorting and searching if the input is random. We introduce the subtree size metric on search trees and show that the resulting metric spaces…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-05-06 Rudolf Grübel

Paths are important structural elements in complex networks because they are finite (unlike walks), related to effective node coverage (minimum spanning trees), and can be understood as being dual to star connectivity. This article…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-12-05 Luciano da Fontoura Costa

We consider two varieties of labeled rooted trees, and the probability that a vertex chosen from all vertices of all trees of a given size uniformly at random has a given rank. We prove that this probability converges to a limit as the tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-15 Miklos Bona , Istvan Mezo

Trees are partial orderings where every element has a linearly ordered set of smaller elements. We define and study several natural notions of completeness of trees, extending Dedekind completeness of linear orders and Dedekind-MacNeille…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Valentin Goranko , Ruaan Kellerman , Alberto Zanardo

Let $b$ be an integer greater than 1 and let $W^{\ee}=(W^{\ee}_n; n\geq 0)$ be a random walk on the $b$-ary rooted tree $\U_b$, starting at the root, going up (resp. down) with probability $1/2+\epsilon$ (resp. $1/2 -\epsilon$), $\epsilon…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas Duquesne

Full binary trees naturally represent commutative non-associative products. There are many important examples of these products: finite-precision floating-point addition and NAND gates, among others. Balance in such a tree is highly…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Laura Monroe

We study random Peano paths on planar square grids that arise from fair random spanning trees. These are trees that are sampled in such a way as to have the same (if possible) edge probabilities. In particular, we are interested in…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Nathan Albin , Joan Lind , Pietro Poggi-Corradini

We develop a finite-sample, design-based theory for random forests in which each tree is a randomized conditional predictor acting on fixed covariates and the forest is their Monte Carlo average. An exact variance identity separates Monte…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-03 Nathaniel S. O'Connell

Given a solution to a recursive distributional equation, a natural (and non-trivial) question is whether the corresponding recursive tree process is endogenous. That is, whether the random environment almost surely defines the tree process.…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-10-25 Victor Kleptsyn , Michele Triestino

Motivated by online recommendation systems, we study a family of random forests. The vertices of the forest are labeled by integers. Each non-positive integer $i\le 0$ is the root of a tree. Vertices labeled by positive integers $n \ge 1$…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Nicolas Broutin , Luc Devroye , Gabor Lugosi , Roberto Imbuzeiro Oliveira

We construct forests that span $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $d\geq2$, that are stationary and directed, and whose trees are infinite, but for which the subtrees attached to each vertex are as short as possible. For $d\geq3$, two independent copies of…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Maury Bramson , Ofer Zeitouni , Martin P. W. Zerner