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To build a general-purpose quantum computer, it is crucial for the quantum devices to implement classical boolean logic. A straightforward realization of quantum boolean logic is to use auxiliary qubits as intermediate storage. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. M. Tsai , S. Y. Kuo

Understanding the capabilities of classical simulation methods is key to identifying where quantum computers are advantageous. Not only does this ensure that quantum computers are used only where necessary, but also one can potentially…

Any unitary transformation of quantum computational networks is explicitly decomposed, in an exact and unified form, into a sequence of a limited number of one-qubit quantum gates and the two-qubit diagonal gates that have diagonal unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xijia Miao

When one performs a continuous measurement, whether on a classical or quantum system, the measurement provides a certain average rate at which one becomes certain about the state of the system. For a quantum system this is an average rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Kurt Jacobs

What resources are universal for quantum computation? In the standard model, a quantum computer consists of a sequence of unitary gates acting coherently on the qubits making up the computer. This paper shows that a very different model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Michael A. Nielsen

We investigate the most general mechanisms that lead to perfect synchronization of the quantum states of all subsystems of an open quantum system starting from an arbitrary initial state. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 Jakub Czartowski , Ronny Müller , Karol Zyczkowski , Daniel Braun

Universal quantum computers are the only general purpose quantum computers known that can be implemented as of today. These computers consist of a classical memory component which controls the quantum memory. In this paper, the space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 Yanglin Hu , Darya Melnyk , Yuyi Wang , Roger Wattenhofer

Digital-analog quantum computing with two-level systems is a computational paradigm that combines an analog Hamiltonian with single-qubit gates to achieve universality. We extend this framework to $d$-level systems by conjugating an analog…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Alatz Alvarez-Ahedo , Mikel Garcia de Andoin , Mikel Sanz

A quantum walk is a time-homogeneous quantum-mechanical process on a graph defined by analogy to classical random walk. The quantum walker is a particle that moves from a given vertex to adjacent vertices in quantum superposition. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-18 Andrew M. Childs , David Gosset , Zak Webb

A classical state-preparation device cannot generate states in relative superposition. We introduce classical models in which devices that are individually unable to generate states with relative superposition can be stochastically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Gabriele Cobucci , Alexander Bernal , Martin J. Renner , Armin Tavakoli

Quantum simulation and computing traditionally has been based on two main paradigms, namely, digital and analog. In the digital paradigm, usually single and two-qubit gates (where qubit is an acronym for quantum bit) are employed as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Lucas Lamata

Quantum supremacy is the ability of quantum processors to outperform classical computers at certain tasks. In digital random quantum circuit approaches for supremacy, the output distribution produced is described by the Porter-Thomas (PT)…

In this paper, we present the experimental realization of multi-qubit gates $% \Lambda_n(not) $ in macroscopic ensemble of three-qubit and four-qubit molecules. Instead of depending heavily on the two-bit universal gate, which served as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 J. F. Du , M. J. Shi , J. H. Wu , X. Y. Zhou , R. D. Han

The implementation and practicality of quantum algorithms highly hinge on the quality of operations within a quantum processor. Therefore, including realistic error models in quantum computing simulation platforms is crucial for testing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-12 Ahmed Abid Moueddene , Nader Khammassi , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever

Let G(A,B) denote the 2-qubit gate which acts as the 1-qubit SU(2) gates A and B in the even and odd parity subspaces respectively, of two qubits. Using a Clifford algebra formalism we show that arbitrary uniform families of circuits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-19 Richard Jozsa , Akimasa Miyake

The past few years have witnessed the concrete and fast spreading of quantum technologies for practical computation and simulation. In particular, quantum computing platforms based on either trapped ions or superconducting qubits have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Francesco Tacchino , Alessandro Chiesa , Stefano Carretta , Dario Gerace

Universal quantum computation using optical coherent states is studied. A teleportation scheme for a coherent-state qubit is developed and applied to gate operations. This scheme is shown to be robust to detection inefficiency.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 H. Jeong , M. S. Kim

Machine learning tasks are an exciting application for quantum computers, as it has been proven that they can learn certain problems more efficiently than classical ones. Applying quantum machine learning algorithms to classical data can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Bernhard Jobst , Kevin Shen , Carlos A. Riofrío , Elvira Shishenina , Frank Pollmann

Understanding the boundary between classical simulatability and the power of quantum computation is a fascinating topic. Direct simulation of noisy quantum computation requires solving an open quantum many-body system, which is very costly.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-09 Xun Gao , Luming Duan

While real quantum devices have been increasingly used to conduct research focused on achieving quantum advantage or quantum utility in recent years, executing deep quantum circuits or performing quantum machine learning with large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Yoshiaki Kawase