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Self-supervised learning (SSL) of speech has shown impressive results in speech-related tasks, particularly in automatic speech recognition (ASR). While most methods employ the output of intermediate layers of the SSL model as real-valued…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Xuankai Chang , Brian Yan , Yuya Fujita , Takashi Maekaku , Shinji Watanabe

Self-supervised learning (SSL), which aims to learn meaningful prior representations from unlabeled data, has been proven effective for skeleton-based action understanding. Different from the image domain, skeleton data possesses sparser…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Jiahang Zhang , Lilang Lin , Shuai Yang , Jiaying Liu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has transformed speech processing, with benchmarks such as SUPERB establishing fair comparisons across diverse downstream tasks. Despite it's security-critical importance, Audio deepfake detection has remained…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Hashim Ali , Nithin Sai Adupa , Surya Subramani , Hafiz Malik

The utilization of speech Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models achieves impressive performance on Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, in low-resource language ASR, they encounter the domain mismatch problem between pre-trained and…

Contrastive self-supervised learning (CSL) for speaker verification (SV) has drawn increasing interest recently due to its ability to exploit unlabeled data. Performing data augmentation on raw waveforms, such as adding noise or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Chong-Xin Gan , Man-Wai Mak , Weiwei Lin , Jen-Tzung Chien

Self-supervised learned models have been found to be very effective for certain speech tasks such as automatic speech recognition, speaker identification, keyword spotting and others. While the features are undeniably useful in speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Ravi Shankar , Ke Tan , Buye Xu , Anurag Kumar

Self-supervised Learning (SSL) including the mainstream contrastive learning has achieved great success in learning visual representations without data annotations. However, most of methods mainly focus on the instance level information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Mingkai Zheng , Shan You , Fei Wang , Chen Qian , Changshui Zhang , Xiaogang Wang , Chang Xu

Speaker representation learning is crucial for voice recognition systems, with recent advances in self-supervised approaches reducing dependency on labeled data. Current two-stage iterative frameworks, while effective, suffer from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Danwei Cai , Zexin Cai , Ze Li , Ming Li

Recent advancements in Deep and Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) have led to substantial improvements in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) performance, reaching unprecedented levels. However, obtaining sufficient amounts of accurately labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Bulat Khaertdinov , Pedro Jeuris , Annanda Sousa , Enrique Hortal

Audio and speech self-supervised encoder models are now widely used for a lot of different tasks. Many of these models are often trained on clean segmented speech content such as LibriSpeech. In this paper, we look into how the pretraining…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Valentin Pelloin , Lina Bekkali , Reda Dehak , David Doukhan

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have achieved remarkable performance on widely used benchmarks such as LibriSpeech and Fleurs. However, these benchmarks do not adequately reflect the complexities of real-world conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Gaurav Maheshwari , Dmitry Ivanov , Théo Johannet , Kevin El Haddad

In the recent years, speech representation learning is constructed primarily as a self-supervised learning (SSL) task, using the raw audio signal alone, while ignoring the side-information that is often available for a given speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Anjali Raj , Shikhar Bharadwaj , Sriram Ganapathy , Min Ma , Shikhar Vashishth

Semi-supervised learning in automatic speech recognition (ASR) typically relies on pseudo-labeling, which often suffers from confirmation bias and error accumulation due to noisy supervision. To address this limitation, we propose ReHear, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zefang Liu , Chenyang Zhu , Sangwoo Cho , Shi-Xiong Zhang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has attracted increased attention for learning meaningful speech representations. Speech SSL models, such as WavLM, employ masked prediction training to encode general-purpose representations. In contrast,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Takanori Ashihara , Marc Delcroix , Takafumi Moriya , Kohei Matsuura , Taichi Asami , Yusuke Ijima

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data when labels are limited or expensive to obtain. SSL algorithms based on deep neural networks have recently proven successful on standard benchmark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Avital Oliver , Augustus Odena , Colin Raffel , Ekin D. Cubuk , Ian J. Goodfellow

Through solving pretext tasks, self-supervised learning (SSL) leverages unlabeled data to extract useful latent representations replacing traditional input features in the downstream task. A common pretext task consists in pretraining a SSL…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-14 Salah Zaiem , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid

Self-supervised learning (SSL) proficiency in speech-related tasks has driven research into utilizing discrete tokens for speech tasks like recognition and translation, which offer lower storage requirements and great potential to employ…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-15 Yifan Yang , Feiyu Shen , Chenpeng Du , Ziyang Ma , Kai Yu , Daniel Povey , Xie Chen

Much recent work on Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) falls short in at least one of three ways: models were trained on oracle text input and neglected the Automatics Speech Recognition (ASR) outputs, models were trained to predict only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Cheng-I Lai , Jin Cao , Sravan Bodapati , Shang-Wen Li

Recent advances in spoken language understanding benefited from Self-Supervised models trained on large speech corpora. For French, the LeBenchmark project has made such models available and has led to impressive progress on several tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Marco Dinarelli , Marco Naguib , François Portet

Self-supervised learning (SSL) representation for speech has achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on several downstream tasks. However, there remains room for improvement in speech enhancement (SE) tasks. In this study, we used a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-06 Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Szu-wei Fu , Huan-Hsin Tseng , Hsin-Tien Chiang , Yu Tsao , Chii-Wann Lin