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Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to adversarial examples, which can easily fool DNNs into making incorrect predictions. To mitigate this deficiency, we propose a novel adversarial defense method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Qiao Han , yong huang , xinling Guo , Yiteng Zhai , Yu Qin , Yao Yang

Mixture of experts (MoE), introduced over 20 years ago, is the simplest gated modular neural network architecture. There is renewed interest in MoE because the conditional computation allows only parts of the network to be used during each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Yamuna Krishnamurthy , Chris Watkins , Thomas Gaertner

Mixture of Experts (MoE) have shown remarkable success in leveraging specialized expert networks for complex machine learning tasks. However, their susceptibility to adversarial attacks presents a critical challenge for deployment in robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xu Zhang , Kaidi Xu , Ziqing Hu , Ren Wang

Sparsely-gated Mixture of Expert (MoE), an emerging deep model architecture, has demonstrated a great promise to enable high-accuracy and ultra-efficient model inference. Despite the growing popularity of MoE, little work investigated its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yihua Zhang , Ruisi Cai , Tianlong Chen , Guanhua Zhang , Huan Zhang , Pin-Yu Chen , Shiyu Chang , Zhangyang Wang , Sijia Liu

Robustifying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) against adversarial attacks remains challenging and often requires resource-intensive countermeasures. We explore the use of sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) layers to improve robustness by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Svetlana Pavlitska , Haixi Fan , Konstantin Ditschuneit , J. Marius Zöllner

Vulnerability to adversarial attacks is a well-known deficiency of deep neural networks. Larger networks are generally more robust, and ensembling is one method to increase adversarial robustness: each model's weaknesses are compensated by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Svetlana Pavlitska , Enrico Eisen , J. Marius Zöllner

Many state-of-the-art adversarial training methods for deep learning leverage upper bounds of the adversarial loss to provide security guarantees against adversarial attacks. Yet, these methods rely on convex relaxations to propagate lower…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Dimitris Bertsimas , Xavier Boix , Kimberly Villalobos Carballo , Dick den Hertog

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model uses a set of expert networks that specialize on subsets of a dataset under the supervision of a gating network. A common issue in MoE architectures is ``expert collapse'' where overlapping class…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Abien Fred Agarap , Arnulfo P. Azcarraga

In the context of adversarial robustness, a single model does not usually have enough power to defend against all possible adversarial attacks, and as a result, has sub-optimal robustness. Consequently, an emerging line of work has focused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Dinghuai Zhang , Hongyang Zhang , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio , Pradeep Ravikumar , Arun Sai Suggala

The fact that deep neural networks are susceptible to crafted perturbations severely impacts the use of deep learning in certain domains of application. Among many developed defense models against such attacks, adversarial training emerges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Anh Bui , Trung Le , He Zhao , Paul Montague , Olivier deVel , Tamas Abraham , Dinh Phung

Despite the high performance achieved by deep neural networks on various tasks, extensive studies have demonstrated that small tweaks in the input could fail the model predictions. This issue of deep neural networks has led to a number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Ming-Chang Chiu , Xuezhe Ma

The existence of adversarial data examples has drawn significant attention in the deep-learning community; such data are seemingly minimally perturbed relative to the original data, but lead to very different outputs from a deep-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Bai Li , Changyou Chen , Wenlin Wang , Lawrence Carin

Adversarial learning has emerged as one of the successful techniques to circumvent the susceptibility of existing methods against adversarial perturbations. However, the majority of existing defense methods are tailored to defend against a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Divyam Madaan , Jinwoo Shin , Sung Ju Hwang

While existing work in robust deep learning has focused on small pixel-level norm-based perturbations, this may not account for perturbations encountered in several real-world settings. In many such cases although test data might not be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Tejas Gokhale , Rushil Anirudh , Bhavya Kailkhura , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Chitta Baral , Yezhou Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models improve transformer efficiency but lack a unified theoretical explanation, especially when both feed-forward and attention layers are allowed to specialize. To this end, we study the Mixture-of-Transformers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Hongbo Li , Qinhang Wu , Sen Lin , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

Machine learning is a powerful tool enabling full automation of a huge number of tasks without explicit programming. Despite recent progress of machine learning in different domains, these models have shown vulnerabilities when they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Mohammad Meymani , Roozbeh Razavi-Far

We introduce a Noise-based prior Learning (NoL) approach for training neural networks that are intrinsically robust to adversarial attacks. We find that the implicit generative modeling of random noise with the same loss function used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Priyadarshini Panda , Kaushik Roy

Owing to security implications of adversarial vulnerability, adversarial robustness of deep metric learning models has to be improved. In order to avoid model collapse due to excessively hard examples, the existing defenses dismiss the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Mo Zhou , Vishal M. Patel

Adversarial training, which is to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks, has received much attention because it is easy to generate human-imperceptible perturbations of data to deceive a given deep neural network. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-02 Dongyoon Yang , Insung Kong , Yongdai Kim

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have substantially improved the training of large-scale language models, leading to significant gains in generation quality and reasoning ability. However, most existing research focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Di Zhang , Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Lingjie Jiang , Yaru Hao , Li Dong , Zewen Chi , Zhifang Sui , Furu Wei
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