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We derive from first principles a three-dimensional theory of self-propelled particle swarming in a viscous fluid environment. Our model predicts emergent collective behavior that depends critically on fluid opacity, mechanism of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-12 Yao-Li Chuang , M. R. D'Orsogna , T. Chou

We study theoretically the behavior of a class of hydrodynamic dipoles. This study is motivated by recent experiments on synthetic and biological swimmers in microfluidic \textit{Hele-Shaw} type geometries. Under such confinement, a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-09-30 Eva Kanso , Alan Tsang

Hydrodynamic interactions between swimming or flying organisms can lead to complex flows on the scale of the group. These emergent fluid dynamics are often more complex than a linear superposition of individual organism flows, especially at…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-23 Nina Mohebbi , Joonha Hwang , Matthew K. Fu , John O. Dabiri

The collective swimming of soft robots in an infinite viscous fluid is an emergent phenomenon due to the non-reciprocal hydrodynamic interactions between individual swimmers. These physical interactions give rise to unique spatiotemporal…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-10-01 R. Pramanik , R. W. C. P. Verstappen , P. R. Onck

The journey of mammalian spermatozoa in nature is well-known to be reliant on their individual motility. Often swimming in crowded microenvironments, the progress of any single swimmer is likely dependent on their interactions with other…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-09-11 Benjamin J. Walker , Kenta Ishimoto , Eamonn A. Gaffney

Swimming at small Reynolds number of a linear assembly of identical spheres immersed in a viscous fluid is studied on the basis of a set of equations of motion for the individual spheres. The motion of the spheres is caused by actuating…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-10-20 B. U. Felderhof

We study the collective behavior of clusters of cylinders placed in the wake of a fixed cylinder and free to move in a direction perpendicular to that of the incoming flow, with no structural damping or stiffness. We keep the Reynolds…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-19 Daniela Caraeni , Yahya Modarres-Sadeghi

Turbulent pipe flow is still an essentially open area of research, boosted in the last two decades by considerable progress achieved both on the experimental and numerical frontiers, mainly related to the identification and characterization…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-04-26 R. Jäckel , B. Magacho , B. E. Owolabi , L. Moriconi , D. J. C. Dennis , J. B. R. Loureiro

In this paper, we address a crucial point regarding the description of moderate to high Reynolds numbers aquatic swimmers. For decades, swimming animals have been classified in two different families of propulsive mechanisms based on the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-10-03 Miguel Piñeirua , Ramiro Godoy-Diana , Benjamin Thiria

Swimming in circles occurs in a variety of situations at low Reynolds number. Here we propose a simple model for a swimmer that undergoes circular motion, generalising the model of a linear swimmer proposed by Najafi and Golestanian (Phys.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-07-16 Rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar , Hartmut Loewen , Julia M. Yeomans

A study of fully developed plane turbulent channel flow subject to spanwise system rotation through direct numerical simulations is presented. In order to study both the influence of the Reynolds number and spanwise rotation on channel…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-10-31 Geert Brethouwer

Microorganisms thrive in complex environments and their behavior in fluids holds significant importance for various medical and industrial applications. By conducting Lattice Boltzmann simulations, the transport and rotational properties of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-25 Yuan Zhou , Kai Qi , Marco De Corato , Kevin Stratford , Ignacio Pagonabarraga

Inspired by recent experiments using synthetic microswimmers to manipulate droplets, we investigate the low-Reynolds-number locomotion of a model swimmer (a spherical squirmer) encapsulated inside a droplet of comparable size in another…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-03-14 Shang Yik Reigh , Lailai Zhu , François Gallaire , Eric Lauga

Using a fluid-particle dynamics approach, we numerically study the effects of hydrodynamic interactions on the collective dynamics of active suspensions within a simple model for bacterial motility: each microorganism is modeled as a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-22 Akira Furukawa , Davide Marenduzzo , Michael E Cates

The complex formations exhibited by schooling fish have long been the object of fascination for biologists and physicists. However, the physical and sensory mechanisms leading to organized collective behavior remain elusive. On the physical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-09 Anand U. Oza , Eva Kanso , Michael J. Shelley

Microorganisms living in microfluidic environments often form multi-species swarms, where they can leverage collective motions to achieve enhanced transport and spreading. Nevertheless, there is a general lack of physical understandings of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-02-14 Bryce Palmer , Wen Yan , Tong Gao

We explore the mechanism underlying the anomalous rheology of puller-type microswimmer suspensions through direct hydrodynamic simulations. Puller-type swimmers generate contractile flow fields along their swimming direction, leading to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-04 Haruki Hayano , Akira Furukawa

We study low Reynolds number turbulence in a suspension of polar, extensile, self-propelled inertial swimmers. We review the bend and splay mechanisms that destabilize an ordered flock. The suspension is always unstable to bend…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-11-10 Purnima Jain , Navdeep Rana , Roberto Benzi , Prasad Perlekar

Low Reynolds number direct simulations of large populations of hydrodynamically interacting swimming particles confined between planar walls are performed. The results of simulations are compared with a theory that describes dilute…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-13 Juan P. Hernandez-Ortiz , Patrick T. Underhill , Michael D. Graham

The swimming of an assembly of rigid spheres immersed in a viscous fluid of infinite extent is studied in low Reynolds number hydrodynamics. The instantaneous swimming velocity and rate of dissipation are expressed in terms of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-25 B. U. Felderhof