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Data collection from manual labeling provides domain-specific and task-aligned supervision for data-driven approaches, and a critical mass of well-annotated resources is required to achieve reasonable performance in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Zhengyuan Liu , Hai Leong Chieu , Nancy F. Chen

The high-quality translation results produced by machine translation (MT) systems still pose a huge challenge for automatic evaluation. Current MT evaluation pays the same attention to each sentence component, while the questions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Runzhe Zhan , Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

This paper investigates the automation of qualitative data analysis, focusing on inductive coding using large language models (LLMs). Unlike traditional approaches that rely on deductive methods with predefined labels, this research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Angelina Parfenova , Andreas Marfurt , Alexander Denzler , Juergen Pfeffer

Sentiment analysis is an important tool for aggregating patient voices, in order to provide targeted improvements in healthcare services. A prerequisite for this is the availability of in-domain data annotated for sentiment. This article…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Petter Mæhlum , David Samuel , Rebecka Maria Norman , Elma Jelin , Øyvind Andresen Bjertnæs , Lilja Øvrelid , Erik Velldal

A widespread practice in software development is to tailor coding agents to repositories using context files, such as AGENTS.md, by either manually or automatically generating them. Although this practice is strongly encouraged by agent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Thibaud Gloaguen , Niels Mündler , Mark Müller , Veselin Raychev , Martin Vechev

Text documents, including programs, typically have human-readable semantic structure. Historically, programmatic access to these semantics has required explicit in-document tagging. Especially in systems where the text has an execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Edward Misback , Zachary Tatlock , Steven L. Tanimoto

Document-level machine translation incorporates inter-sentential dependencies into the translation of a source sentence. In this paper, we propose a new framework to model cross-sentence dependencies by training neural machine translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Pei Zhang , Xu Zhang , Wei Chen , Jian Yu , Yanfeng Wang , Deyi Xiong

To overcome the limitations of automated metrics (e.g. BLEU, METEOR) for evaluating dialogue systems, researchers typically use human judgments to provide convergent evidence. While it has been demonstrated that human judgments can suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Sashank Santhanam , Samira Shaikh

Sentiment analysis, especially for long documents, plausibly requires methods capturing complex linguistics structures. To accommodate this, we propose a novel framework to exploit task-related discourse for the task of sentiment analysis.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Patrick Huber , Giuseppe Carenini

Generative artificial intelligence tools, like ChatGPT, are an increasingly utilized resource among computational social scientists. Nevertheless, there remains space for improved understanding of the performance of ChatGPT in complex tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Breanna E. Green , Ashley L. Shea , Pengfei Zhao , Drew B. Margolin

Meta-reviewing is a pivotal stage in the peer-review process, serving as the final step in determining whether a paper is recommended for acceptance. Prior research on meta-reviewing has treated this as a summarization problem over review…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Sukannya Purkayastha , Nils Dycke , Anne Lauscher , Iryna Gurevych

Despite the utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks and scenarios, developing a method for reliably evaluating LLMs across varied contexts continues to be challenging. Modern evaluation approaches often use LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Steffi Chern , Ethan Chern , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu

Measuring user satisfaction level is a challenging task, and a critical component in developing large-scale conversational agent systems serving the needs of real users. An widely used approach to tackle this is to collect human annotation…

As Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities advance, the demand for high-quality annotation of exponentially increasing text corpora has outpaced human capacity, leading to the widespread adoption of LLMs in automatic evaluation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jiayu Wang , Junyoung Lee

Modern software development requires developers to find and effectively utilize new APIs and their documentation, but documentation has many well-known issues. Despite this, developers eventually overcome these issues but have no way of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Amber Horvath , Michael Xieyang Liu , River Hendriksen , Connor Shannon , Emma Paterson , Kazi Jawad , Andrew Macvean , Brad A. Myers

In the multi-turn interaction schema, large language models (LLMs) can leverage user feedback to enhance the quality and relevance of their responses. However, evaluating an LLM's ability to incorporate user refutation feedback is crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jianhao Yan , Yun Luo , Yue Zhang

Meta-evaluation of automatic evaluation metrics -- assessing evaluation metrics themselves -- is crucial for accurately benchmarking natural language processing systems and has implications for scientific inquiry, production model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Athiya Deviyani , Fernando Diaz

Humans often hold different perspectives on the same issues. In many NLP tasks, annotation disagreement can reflect valid subjective perspectives. Modeling annotator perspectives and understanding their relationship with other human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Leixin Zhang , Cagri Coltekin

Acquiring structured data from domain-specific, image-based documents such as scanned reports is crucial for many downstream tasks but remains challenging due to document variability. Many of these documents exist as images rather than as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Qiang Sun , Sirui Li , Tingting Bi , Du Huynh , Mark Reynolds , Yuanyi Luo , Wei Liu

Human-annotated labels and explanations are critical for training explainable NLP models. However, unlike human-annotated labels whose quality is easier to calibrate (e.g., with a majority vote), human-crafted free-form explanations can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Bingsheng Yao , Prithviraj Sen , Lucian Popa , James Hendler , Dakuo Wang