English
Related papers

Related papers: On User Interfaces for Large-Scale Document-Level …

200 papers

Despite growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) to automate annotation, their effectiveness in complex, nuanced, and multi-dimensional labelling tasks remains relatively underexplored. This study focuses on annotation for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Leila Tavakoli , Hamed Zamani

Span annotation - annotating specific text features at the span level - can be used to evaluate texts where single-score metrics fail to provide actionable feedback. Until recently, span annotation was done by human annotators or fine-tuned…

Textual data annotation, the process of labeling or tagging text with relevant information, is typically costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yu-Min Tseng , Wei-Lin Chen , Chung-Chi Chen , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Task-oriented conversational datasets often lack topic variability and linguistic diversity. However, with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) pretrained on extensive, multilingual and diverse text data, these limitations seem…

Most existing document-level neural machine translation (NMT) models leverage a fixed number of the previous or all global source sentences to handle the context-independent problem in standard NMT. However, the translating of each source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Linlin Zhang

Supervised learning relies on high-quality labeled data, but obtaining such data through human annotation is both expensive and time-consuming. Recent work explores using large language models (LLMs) for annotation, but LLM-generated labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Andi Han , Feng Chen , Qiuzheng Chen , Jiawen Li , Zhaoyang Li , Jiyuan Li , Zhenbang Sun , Junbin Gao

Standard neural machine translation (NMT) is on the assumption of document-level context independent. Most existing document-level NMT methods are satisfied with a smattering sense of brief document-level information, while this work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Shu Jiang , Hai Zhao , Zuchao Li , Bao-Liang Lu

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) enables flexible and interpretable automatic evaluations. In the field of machine translation evaluation, utilizing LLMs with translation error annotations based on Multidimensional Quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shijie Zhang , Renhao Li , Songsheng Wang , Philipp Koehn , Min Yang , Derek F. Wong

Machine translation (MT) is an important task in natural language processing (NLP) as it automates the translation process and reduces the reliance on human translators. With the resurgence of neural networks, the translation quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Sameen Maruf , Fahimeh Saleh , Gholamreza Haffari

As the quality of machine translation rises and neural machine translation (NMT) is moving from sentence to document level translations, it is becoming increasingly difficult to evaluate the output of translation systems. We provide a test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Kateřina Rysová , Magdaléna Rysová , Tomáš Musil , Lucie Poláková , Ondřej Bojar

In ad-hoc retrieval, evaluation relies heavily on user actions, including implicit feedback. In a conversational setting such signals are usually unavailable due to the nature of the interactions, and, instead, the evaluation often relies…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Clemencia Siro , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Maarten de Rijke

Compared to sentence-level systems, document-level neural machine translation (NMT) models produce a more consistent output across a document and are able to better resolve ambiguities within the input. There are many works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Christian Herold , Hermann Ney

The construction of high-quality parallel corpora for translation research has increasingly evolved from simple sentence alignment to complex, multi-layered annotation tasks. This methodological shift presents significant challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Baorong Huang , Ali Asiri

Human data annotation, especially when involving experts, is often treated as an objective reference. However, many annotation tasks are inherently subjective, and annotators' judgments may evolve over time. This study investigates changes…

Content annotation at scale remains challenging, requiring substantial human expertise and effort. This paper presents a case study in code documentation analysis, where we explore the balance between automation efficiency and annotation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Mingyue Yuan , Jieshan Chen , Zhenchang Xing , Gelareh Mohammadi , Aaron Quigley

This paper presents an analysis of annotation using an automatic pre-annotation for a mid-level annotation complexity task -- dependency syntax annotation. It compares the annotation efforts made by annotators using a pre-annotated version…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Marie Mikulová , Milan Straka , Jan Štěpánek , Barbora Štěpánková , Jan Hajič

Training emotion recognition models has relied heavily on human annotated data, which present diversity, quality, and cost challenges. In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT4, in automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Minxue Niu , Mimansa Jaiswal , Emily Mower Provost

Context-aware neural machine translation aims to use the document-level context to improve translation quality. However, not all words in the context are helpful. The irrelevant or trivial words may bring some noise and distract the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Jian Yang , Yuwei Yin , Shuming Ma , Liqun Yang , Hongcheng Guo , Haoyang Huang , Dongdong Zhang , Yutao Zeng , Zhoujun Li , Furu Wei

Event annotation is important for identifying market changes, monitoring breaking news, and understanding sociological trends. Although expert annotators set the gold standards, human coding is expensive and inefficient. Unlike information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Feng Gu , Zongxia Li , Carlos Rafael Colon , Benjamin Evans , Ishani Mondal , Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber

For the past 60 years, Research in machine translation is going on. For the development in this field, a lot of new techniques are being developed each day. As a result, we have witnessed development of many automatic machine translators. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-07-25 Nisheeth Joshi , Hemant Darbari , Iti Mathur