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The first step to gain optical control over the ultrafast processes initiated by light in solids is a correct identification of the physical mechanisms at play. Among them, exciton formation has been identified as a crucial phenomenon which…
We introduce ultrafast low-energy electron diffraction (ULEED) in backscattering for the study of structural dynamics at surfaces. Using a tip-based source of ultrashort electron pulses, we investigate the optically-driven transition…
The swift excitation of the transparent dielectrics by intense short laser pulse produces ultra-fast re-structuring of the electronic landscape generating a wealth of material states continuously changing in space and in time in accord with…
Ultrafast lattice deformation of tens to hundreds of nanometer thick metallic crystals, after femtosecond laser excitation, was measured directly using 8.04 keV subpicosecond x-ray and 59 keV femtosecond electron pulses. Coherent phonons…
The advent of isolated and intense sub-femtosecond X-ray pulses enables tracking of quantummechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids. The combination of X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction imaging is a powerful approach to…
Recent advances in electron microscopy trigger the question whether attosecond electron diffraction can resolve atomic-scale electron dynamics in crystalline materials in space and time. Here we explore the physics of the relevant…
We report on ultrafast optical experiments in which femtosecond mid-infrared radiation is used to excite the lattice of complex oxide heterostructures. By tuning the excitation energy to a vibrational mode of the substrate, a long-lived…
Photoinduced ultrafast phenomena in materials exhibiting nonequilibrium behavior can lead to the emergence of exotic phases beyond the limits of thermodynamics, presenting opportunities for femtosecond photoexcitation. Despite extensive…
Light and matter can now interact in a regime where their coupling is stronger than their bare energies. This deep-strong coupling (DSC) regime of quantum electrodynamics promises to challenge many conventional assumptions about the physics…
Nonequilibrium electron dynamics in solids is an important subject from both fundamental and technological points of view. The recent development of laser technology has enabled us to study ultrafast electron dynamics in the time domain.…
We explore the novel capabilities offered by attosecond extreme ultraviolet and x-ray pulses that can be now generated by free-electron lasers and high-harmonics generation sources for probing photon-induced electron dynamics in molecules.…
Photoexcitation by ultrashort laser pulses plays a crucial role in controlling reaction pathways, creating nonequilibrium material properties, and offering a microscopic view of complex dynamics at the molecular level. The photo response…
Strong light-matter interaction constitutes the bedrock of all photonic applications, empowering material elements with the ability to create and mediate interactions of light with light. Amidst the quest to identify new agents facilitating…
We review both theoretical and experimental advances in the recently emerged physics of modulated photonic lattices. Artificial periodic dielectric media, such as photonic crystals and photonic lattices, provide a powerful tool for the…
In the prevalent picture of ultrafast structural phase transitions, the atomic motion occurs in a slowly varying potential energy surface determined adiabatically by the fast electrons. However, this ignores non-conservative forces caused…
Intense ultrashort laser pulse irradiation of solid targets was systematically investigated at the first-principles level, both theoretically and computationally. In the method, the propagation of a pulsed light through a thin film is…
Designing material properties on demand has important implications to potential future technological applications. While theoretically it is always possible to tune various intrinsic energy scales, there are fundamental limitations to this…
High-power lasers offer ultrahigh intensities for plasma interactions, but they lack advanced techniques to control the properties of the fields, because no optical elements could withstand their high intensities. The vibrant field of…
Detailed two dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and numerical calculations of electron density profiles, based on a simplified model, were performed to show for the first time that underdense plasma, induced by two pairs of…
The strong coupling between intense laser fields and valence electrons in molecules causes a distortion of the potential energy hypersurfaces which determine the motion of nuclei in a molecule and influences possible reaction pathways. The…