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Pre-trained graph neural networks (GNNs) transfer well, but adapting them to downstream tasks remains challenging due to mismatches between pre-training objectives and task requirements. Graph prompt tuning offers a parameter-efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Long D. Nguyen , Binh P. Nguyen

Dynamic graph learning (DGL) aims to learn informative and temporally-evolving node embeddings to support downstream tasks such as link prediction. A fundamental challenge in DGL lies in effectively modeling both the temporal dynamics and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ling Wang

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) are a common type of Graph Neural Network (GNN), in which each node's representation is computed recursively by aggregating representations (messages) from its immediate neighbors akin to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Lingxiao Zhao , Wei Jin , Leman Akoglu , Neil Shah

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) suffer from over-squashing in deep message passing, where information from exponentially growing neighborhoods is compressed into fixed-dimensional representations. We show that this issue becomes a distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Chaokai Wu , Haofu Shi , Ningxuan Ma , Jianghong Ma , Xiaofeng Zhang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for supervised machine learning over graph-structured data, while sampling-based node representation learning is widely utilized in unsupervised learning. However, scalability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Vipul Gupta , Xin Chen , Ruoyun Huang , Fanlong Meng , Jianjun Chen , Yujun Yan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used for learning node embeddings in graphs, typically adopting a message-passing scheme. This approach, however, leads to the neighbor explosion problem, with exponentially growing computational and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zichao Yue , Chenhui Deng , Zhiru Zhang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are commonly divided into message-passing neural networks (MPNNs) and spectral graph neural networks, reflecting two largely separate research traditions in machine learning and signal processing. This paper…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful deep learning models to generate node embeddings on graphs. When applying deep GNNs on large graphs, it is still challenging to perform training in an efficient and scalable way. We propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Hanqing Zeng , Hongkuan Zhou , Ajitesh Srivastava , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are shown to be successful in modeling applications with graph structures. However, training an accurate GNN model requires a large collection of labeled data and expressive features, which might be inaccessible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Ziniu Hu , Changjun Fan , Ting Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Yizhou Sun

Generative modeling of graphs with spatial structure is essential across many applications from computer graphics to spatial genomics. Recent flow-based generative models have achieved impressive results by gradually adding and then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Peter Pao-Huang , Mitchell Black , Xiaojie Qiu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely applied in graph data modeling. However, existing GNNs are often trained in a task-driven manner that fails to fully capture the intrinsic nature of the graph structure, resulting in sub-optimal node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Zhenhua Huang , Kunhao Li , Shaojie Wang , Zhaohong Jia , Wentao Zhu , Sharad Mehrotra

Message passing neural networks have recently evolved into a state-of-the-art approach to representation learning on graphs. Existing methods perform synchronous message passing along all edges in multiple subsequent rounds and consequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Julian Busch , Jiaxing Pi , Thomas Seidl

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become essential for handling large-scale graph applications. However, the computational demands of GNNs necessitate the development of efficient methods to accelerate inference. Mixed precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Samir Moustafa , Nils M. Kriege , Wilfried N. Gansterer

The dominant paradigm for machine learning on graphs uses Message Passing Graph Neural Networks (MP-GNNs), in which node representations are updated by aggregating information in their local neighborhood. Recently, there have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Daniel Glickman , Eran Yahav

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are gaining increasing popularity as a promising approach to machine learning on graphs. Unlike traditional graph workloads where each vertex/edge is associated with a scalar, GNNs attach a feature tensor to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Yuwei Hu , Zihao Ye , Minjie Wang , Jiali Yu , Da Zheng , Mu Li , Zheng Zhang , Zhiru Zhang , Yida Wang

Message passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) provide a powerful modeling framework for relational data. However, the expressive power of existing GNNs is upper-bounded by the 1-Weisfeiler-Lehman (1-WL) graph isomorphism test, which means…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Jiaxuan You , Jonathan Gomes-Selman , Rex Ying , Jure Leskovec

Recent years have witnessed great success in handling graph-related tasks with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Despite their great academic success, Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) remain the primary workhorse for practical industrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Lirong Wu , Jun Xia , Haitao Lin , Zhangyang Gao , Zicheng Liu , Guojiang Zhao , Stan Z. Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years and have achieved excellent performance in semi-supervised node classification tasks. The success of most GNNs relies on one fundamental assumption, i.e., the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Junchao Lin , Yuan Wan , Jingwen Xu , Xingchen Qi

Graph neural networks (GNNs) emerged recently as a standard toolkit for learning from data on graphs. Current GNN designing works depend on immense human expertise to explore different message-passing mechanisms, and require manual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Shaofei Cai , Liang Li , Jincan Deng , Beichen Zhang , Zheng-Jun Zha , Li Su , Qingming Huang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for various graph mining tasks, yet existing scalable solutions often struggle to balance execution efficiency with prediction accuracy. These difficulties stem from iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xu Cheng , Liang Yao , Feng He , Yukuo Cen , Yufei He , Chenhui Zhang , Wenzheng Feng , Hongyun Cai , Jie Tang
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