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We present a general theory of spontaneous emission at exceptional points (EPs)---exotic degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems. Our theory extends beyond spontaneous emission to any light--matter interaction described by the local density…

Open systems with gain and loss, described by non-trace-preserving, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, have been a subject of intense research recently. The effect of exceptional-point degeneracies on the dynamics of classical systems has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-01 M. Naghiloo , M. Abbasi , Yogesh N. Joglekar , K. W. Murch

In non-Hermitian coulped-resonator networks, the eigenvectors of degenerate eigenmodes may become parallel due to the singularity at so-called Exceptional Points (EP). To exploit the parametric sensitivity at EPs, an important problem is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-31 Re-Bing Wu , Yu Zheng , Qi-Ming Chen , Yu-xi Liu

One of the most remarkable features that distinguish open systems from closed ones is the presence of exceptional points (EPs), where two or more eigenvectors of a non-Hermitian operator coalesce, accompanying the convergence of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Hao-Long Zhang , Pei-Rong Han , Fan Wu , Wen Ning , Zhen-Biao Yang , Shi-Biao Zheng

A non-Hermitian system at an exceptional point (EP), a specific critical point (CP) associated with the parity-time symmetric phase transition, exhibits a sublinear response to perturbation and promise unprecedented sensitivity beyond the…

The amplitude of resonant oscillations in a non-Hermitian environment can either decay or grow in time, corresponding to a mode with either loss or gain. When two coupled modes have a specific difference between their loss or gain, a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 N. J. Lambert , A. Schumer , J. J. Longdell , S. Rotter , H. G. L. Schwefel

We identify a new kind of physically realizable exceptional point (EP) corresponding to degenerate coherent perfect absorption, in which two purely incoming solutions of the wave operator for electromagnetic or acoustic waves coalesce to a…

Optics · Physics 2019-03-12 William R. Sweeney , Chia Wei Hsu , Stefan Rotter , A. Douglas Stone

The XY spin chain is a paradigmatic example of a model solved by free fermions, in which the energy eigenspectrum is built from combinations of quasi-energies. In this article we show that by extending the XY model's anisotropy parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Robert A. Henry , D. C. Liu , Murray T. Batchelor

The exceptional point, known as the non-Hermitian degeneracy, has special topological structure, leading to various counterintuitive phenomena and novel applications, which are refreshing our cognition of quantum physics. One particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Wenquan Liu , Yang Wu , Chang-Kui Duan , Xing Rong , Jiangfeng Du

Exceptional points (EPs) determine the dynamics of open quantum systems and cause also PT symmetry breaking in PT symmetric systems. From a mathematical point of view, this is caused by the fact that the phases of the wavefunctions…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-04-30 Hichem Eleuch , Ingrid Rotter

The exceptional points (EPs) aroused from the non-Hermiticity bring rich phenomena, such as exceptional nodal topologies, unidirectional invisibility, single-mode lasing, sensitivity enhancement and energy harvesting. Isolated high-order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 Yang Wu , Yunhan Wang , Xiangyu Ye , Wenquan Liu , Zhibo Niu , Chang-Kui Duan , Ya Wang , Xing Rong , Jiangfeng Du

Systems operating at exceptional points (EPs) are highly responsive to small perturbations, making them suitable for sensing applications. Although this feature impedes the system working exactly at an EP due to imperfections arising during…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-19 Shahab Ramezanpour

The Exceptional Points (EPs) of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians (NHHs) are spectral degeneracies associated with coalescing eigenvalues and eigenvectors which are associated with remarkable dynamical properties. These EPs can be generated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Fabrizio Minganti , Dolf Huybrechts , Cyril Elouard , Franco Nori , Ievgen I. Arkhipov

In non-Hermitian physics, high-order exceptional points(HOEPs) with eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce are known for their enhanced sensitivity to perturbations. Typically, they exhibit eigenvalue splitting that scales as…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-16 Teng Yin , Hao Zhang

Higher-order exceptional points (EPs) govern non-Hermitian system dynamics through their enriched and sharpened spectral topology, yet the intrinsic topological fragility hinders robust experimental realization. Here, we present a scalable…

Decoherence is strongly influenced by environmental criticality, with conventional Hermitian critical points typically enhancing the loss of quantum coherence. Here, we show that this paradigm is fundamentally altered in non-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Mei-Lin Li , Zuo Wang , Liang He

Exotic singular objects, known as exceptional points, are ubiquitous in non-Hermitian physics. They might be spectral singularities in energy bands that produce anomalous effects and defectiveness. The quantum entanglement of a generic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 Wei-Zhu Yi , Yong-Ju Hai , Rong Xiao , Wei-Qiang Chen

Non-Hermitian systems hosting exceptional points (EPs) exhibit signal enhancement and unconventional mode dynamics. Going beyond isolated EPs, here we report on the existence of exceptional rings (ERs) in planar optical resonators with…

Photonic topological edge states in one-dimensional dimer chains have long been thought to be robust to structural perturbations by mapping the topological Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model of a solid-state system. However, the edge states at the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-10 Zhiwei Guo , Tengzhou Zhang , Juan Song , Haitao Jiang , Hong Chen

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian photonics offer singular sensitivity enhancements but have thus far been realized almost exclusively in spatially engineered platforms with fixed geometries and limited tunability. Here we extend EP…

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