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Recently, learning-based approaches show promising results in navigation tasks. However, the poor generalization capability and the simulation-reality gap prevent a wide range of applications. We consider the problem of improving the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Wenzhe Cai , Guangran Cheng , Lingyue Kong , Lu Dong , Changyin Sun

Lidars and cameras are critical sensors that provide complementary information for 3D detection in autonomous driving. While most prevalent methods progressively downscale the 3D point clouds and camera images and then fuse the high-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Zixuan Yin , Han Sun , Ningzhong Liu , Huiyu Zhou , Jiaquan Shen

Environment modeling in autonomous driving is realized by two fundamental approaches, grid-based and feature-based approach. Both methods interpret the environment differently and show some situation-dependent beneficial realizations. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Nils Rexin , Marcel Musch , Klaus Dietmayer

The fusion of multimodal sensor streams, such as camera, lidar, and radar measurements, plays a critical role in object detection for autonomous vehicles, which base their decision making on these inputs. While existing methods exploit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Mario Bijelic , Tobias Gruber , Fahim Mannan , Florian Kraus , Werner Ritter , Klaus Dietmayer , Felix Heide

This survey analyzes intermediate fusion methods in collaborative perception for autonomous driving, categorized by real-world challenges. We examine various methods, detailing their features and the evaluation metrics they employ. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Melih Yazgan , Thomas Graf , Min Liu , Tobias Fleck , J. Marius Zoellner

Camera and LiDAR serve as informative sensors for accurate and robust autonomous driving systems. However, these sensors often exhibit heterogeneous natures, resulting in distributional modality gaps that present significant challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yiran Yang , Xu Gao , Tong Wang , Xin Hao , Yifeng Shi , Xiao Tan , Xiaoqing Ye , Jingdong Wang

End-to-end planning systems for autonomous driving are rapidly improving, especially in closed-loop simulation environments like CARLA. Many such driving systems either do not consider uncertainty as part of the plan itself or obtain it by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Florian Wintel , Sigmund H. Høeg , Gabriel Kiss , Frank Lindseth

Multi-modal fusion of sensors is a commonly used approach to enhance the performance of odometry estimation, which is also a fundamental module for mobile robots. However, the question of \textit{how to perform fusion among different…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Leyuan Sun , Guanqun Ding , Yue Qiu , Yusuke Yoshiyasu , Fumio Kanehiro

Visual recognition inside the vehicle cabin leads to safer driving and more intuitive human-vehicle interaction but such systems face substantial obstacles as they need to capture different granularities of driver behaviour while dealing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Alina Roitberg , Kunyu Peng , Zdravko Marinov , Constantin Seibold , David Schneider , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Classification and localization of driving actions over time is important for advanced driver-assistance systems and naturalistic driving studies. Temporal localization is challenging because it requires robustness, reliability, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Erkut Akdag , Zeqi Zhu , Egor Bondarev , Peter H. N. De With

Multi-sensor fusion is essential for accurate 3D object detection in self-driving systems. Camera and LiDAR are the most commonly used sensors, and usually, their fusion happens at the early or late stages of 3D detectors with the help of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Javed Ahmad , Alessio Del Bue

Recent advancements in perception for autonomous driving are driven by deep learning. In order to achieve robust and accurate scene understanding, autonomous vehicles are usually equipped with different sensors (e.g. cameras, LiDARs,…

Simulators can generate virtually unlimited driving data, yet imitation learning policies in simulation still struggle to achieve robust closed-loop performance. Motivated by this gap, we empirically study how misalignment between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Long Nguyen , Micha Fauth , Bernhard Jaeger , Daniel Dauner , Maximilian Igl , Andreas Geiger , Kashyap Chitta

Visible-infrared image fusion is crucial in key applications such as autonomous driving and nighttime surveillance. Its main goal is to integrate multimodal information to produce enhanced images that are better suited for downstream tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xiaopeng Liu , Yupei Lin , Sen Zhang , Xiao Wang , Yukai Shi , Liang Lin

In Transport Mode Detection, a great diversity of methodologies exist according to the choice made on sensors, preprocessing, model used, etc. In this domain, the comparisons between each option are not always complete. Experiments on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Hugues Moreau , Andréa Vassilev , Liming Chen

Multi-view cooperative perception and multimodal fusion are essential for reliable 3D spatiotemporal understanding in autonomous driving, especially under occlusions, limited viewpoints, and communication delays in V2X scenarios. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhenwei Yang , Yibo Ai , Weidong Zhang

Cameras and LiDARs are both important sensors for autonomous driving, playing critical roles in 3D object detection. Camera-LiDAR Fusion has been a prevalent solution for robust and accurate driving perception. In contrast to the vast…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Ye Li , Hanjiang Hu , Zuxin Liu , Xiaohao Xu , Xiaonan Huang , Ding Zhao

High-quality surface normal can help improve geometry estimation in problems faced by autonomous vehicles, such as collision avoidance and occlusion inference. While a considerable volume of literature focuses on densely scanned indoor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ancheng Lin , Jun Li , Yusheng Xiang , Wei Bian , Mukesh Prasad

Autonomous vehicles and mobile robotic systems are typically equipped with multiple sensors to provide redundancy. By integrating the observations from different sensors, these mobile agents are able to perceive the environment and estimate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Changhao Chen , Stefano Rosa , Chris Xiaoxuan Lu , Bing Wang , Niki Trigoni , Andrew Markham

Autonomous parking plays a vital role in intelligent vehicle systems, particularly in constrained urban environments where high-precision control is required. While traditional rule-based parking systems struggle with environmental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jun Fu , Bin Tian , Haonan Chen , Shi Meng , Tingting Yao