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Functional data analysis (FDA) is an important modern paradigm for handling infinite-dimensional data. An important task in FDA is model-based clustering, which organizes functional populations into groups via subpopulation structures. The…

Computation · Statistics 2017-02-14 Hien D Nguyen , Geoffrey J McLachlan , Jeremy F P Ullmann , Andrew L Janke

The ability to learn in dynamic, nonstationary environments without forgetting previous knowledge, also known as Continual Learning (CL), is a key enabler for scalable and trustworthy deployments of adaptive solutions. While the importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Andrea Cossu , Antonio Carta , Davide Bacciu

Continual learning (CL) is an approach to address catastrophic forgetting, which refers to forgetting previously learned knowledge by neural networks when trained on new tasks or data distributions. The adversarial robustness has decomposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Hikmat Khan , Nidhal C. Bouaynaya , Ghulam Rasool

Catastrophic forgetting - the tendency of neural networks to forget previously learned data when learning new information - remains a central challenge in continual learning. In this work, we adopt a behavioral approach, observing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Guy Hacohen , Tinne Tuytelaars

A major limitation of machine learning (ML) prediction models is that they recover associational, rather than causal, predictive relationships between variables. In high-stakes automation applications of ML this is problematic, as the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jianqiao Mao , Max A. Little

Catastrophic forgetting remains a key challenge in Continual Learning (CL). In replay-based CL with severe memory constraints, performance critically depends on the sample selection strategy for the replay buffer. Most existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Danit Yanowsky , Daphna Weinshall

Artificial neural networks, celebrated for their human-like cognitive learning abilities, often encounter the well-known catastrophic forgetting (CF) problem, where the neural networks lose the proficiency in previously acquired knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Weiwei Weng , Mahardhika Pratama , Jie Zhang , Chen Chen , Edward Yapp Kien Yee , Ramasamy Savitha

End-to-end training of Spoken Language Models (SLMs) commonly involves adapting pre-trained text-based Large Language Models (LLMs) to the speech modality through multi-stage training on diverse tasks such as ASR, TTS and spoken question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Chi-Yuan Hsiao , Ke-Han Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Chih-Kai Yang , Wei-Chih Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Continual learning (CL) has traditionally focused on minimizing exemplar memory, a constraint often misaligned with modern systems where GPU time, not storage, is the primary bottleneck. This paper challenges this paradigm by investigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Dongkyu Cho , Taesup Moon , Rumi Chunara , Kyunghyun Cho , Sungmin Cha

Catastrophic Forgetting (CF) means models forgetting previously acquired knowledge when learning new data. It compromises the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) during fine-tuning, yet the underlying causes have not been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hongyu Li , Liang Ding , Meng Fang , Dacheng Tao

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) is a phenomenon that occurs in machine learning when a model forgets previously learned information while acquiring new knowledge for achieving a satisfactory performance in downstream tasks. As large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yun Luo , Zhen Yang , Fandong Meng , Yafu Li , Jie Zhou , Yue Zhang

Artificial neural networks encounter a notable challenge known as continual learning, which involves acquiring knowledge of multiple tasks over an extended period. This challenge arises due to the tendency of previously learned weights to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yonatan Sverdlov , Shimon Ullman

A novel Gaussian mixture model (GMM) aided sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework is proposed for channel state information (CSI) estimation in orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) modulated systems. The key attribute of the proposed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Surbhi Gehlot , Suraj Srivastava , Sandeep Kumar Yadav , Lajos Hanzo

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful method for extracting valuable information from large volumes of data. However, when new training data arrives continuously (i.e., is not fully available from the beginning), incremental training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Thomas Bouvier , Bogdan Nicolae , Hugo Chaugier , Alexandru Costan , Ian Foster , Gabriel Antoniu

Neural Collaborative Filtering models are widely used in recommender systems but are typically trained under static settings, assuming fixed data distributions. This limits their applicability in dynamic environments where user preferences…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yunxiao Shi , Shuo Yang , Haimin Zhang , Li Wang , Yongze Wang , Qiang Wu , Min Xu

Continual learning (CL) for large language models (LLMs) aims to enable sequential knowledge acquisition without catastrophic forgetting. Memory replay methods are widely used for their practicality and effectiveness, but most rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yujie Feng , Hao Wang , Jian Li , Xu Chu , Zhaolu Kang , Yiran Liu , Yasha Wang , Philip S. Yu , Xiao-Ming Wu

Learning a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is hard when the number of parameters is too large given the amount of available data. As a remedy, we propose restricting the GMM to a Gaussian Markov Random Field Mixture Model (GMRF-MM), as well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Shahaf E. Finder , Eran Treister , Oren Freifeld

Retrieving molecular structures from tandem mass spectra is a crucial step in rapid compound identification. Existing retrieval methods, such as traditional mass spectral library matching, suffer from limited spectral library coverage,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yiwen Zhang , Keyan Ding , Yihang Wu , Xiang Zhuang , Yi Yang , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

Continual/lifelong learning from a non-stationary input data stream is a cornerstone of intelligence. Despite their phenomenal performance in a wide variety of applications, deep neural networks are prone to forgetting their previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Ali Abbasi , Parsa Nooralinejad , Vladimir Braverman , Hamed Pirsiavash , Soheil Kolouri

Continual learning, focused on sequentially learning multiple tasks, has gained significant attention recently. Despite the tremendous progress made in the past, the theoretical understanding, especially factors contributing to catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Meng Ding , Kaiyi Ji , Di Wang , Jinhui Xu