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Low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) have emerged as a promising technology for reducing power consumption and complexity in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems while maintaining satisfactory spectral and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-06 Mengyuan Ma , Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Italo Atzeni , Markku Juntti

This paper investigated the uplink of multi-user massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems with a mixed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) receiver architecture, in which some antennas are equipped with costly full-resolution ADCs and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Weiqiang Tan , Shi Jin , Chaokai Wen , Yindi Jing

Millimeter wave (mmWave) systems operating over a wide bandwidth and using a large number of antennas impose a heavy burden on power consumption. In a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) uplink, analog-to-digital con- verters…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Jinseok Choi , Brian L. Evans , Alan Gatherer

Fixed low-resolution Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) help reduce the power consumption in millimeter-wave Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Ma-MIMO) receivers operating at large bandwidths. However, they do not guarantee optimal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-13 I. Zakir Ahmed , Hamid Sadjadpour , Shahram Yousefi

One of the basic aspects of Massive MIMO (MaMi) that is in the focus of current investigations is its potential of using low-cost and energy-efficient hardware. It is often claimed that MaMi will allow for using analog-to-digital converters…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-08 Muris Sarajlić , Liang Liu , Ove Edfors

Low resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) can be employed to improve the energy efficiency (EE) of a wireless receiver since the power consumption of each ADC is exponentially related to its sampling resolution and the hardware…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-11 Aryan Kaushik , Christos Tsinos , Evangelos Vlachos , John Thompson

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising technology for next generation wireless communication systems (5G). In this technology, Base Station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas. Employing high resolution…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-10-03 Azad Azizzadeh , Reza Mohammadkhani , Seyed Vahab Al-Din Makki

We study the spectral efficiency (SE) of a mixed-ADC massive MIMO system in which K single-antenna users communicate with a base station (BS) equipped with M antennas connected to N high-resolution ADCs and M-N one-bit ADCs. This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Hessam Pirzadeh , A. Lee Swindlehurst

This paper considers uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with lowresolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) over Rician fading channels. Maximum-ratio-combining (MRC) and zero-forcing (ZF) receivers are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-25 Tianle Liu , Jun Tong , Qinghua Guo , Jiangtao Xi , Yanguang Yu , Zhitao Xiao

The low-resolution analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) is a promising solution to significantly reduce the power consumption of radio frequency circuits in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this letter, we investigate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Jiayi Zhang , Linglong Dai , Shengyang Sun , Zhaocheng Wang

We consider a fully digital massive multiple-input multiple-output architecture with low-resolution analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters (ADCs/DACs) at the base station (BS) and analyze the performance trade-off between the number…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Italo Atzeni , Antti Tölli , Giuseppe Durisi

In future high-capacity wireless systems based on mmWave or massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), the power consumption of receiver Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) is a concern. Although hybrid or analog systems with fewer ADCs…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Waqas bin Abbas , Felipe Gomez-Cuba , Michele Zorzi

We consider the problem of jointly optimizing ADC bit resolution and analog beamforming over a frequency-selective massive MIMO uplink. We build upon a popular model to incorporate the impact of low bit resolution ADCs, that hitherto has…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-28 Narayan Prasad , Xiao-Feng Qi , Alan Gatherer

High resolution analog to digital converters (ADCs) are conventionally used at the receiver terminals to store an accurate digital representation of the received signal, thereby allowing for reliable decoding of transmitted messages.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Abbas Khalili , Farhad Shirani , Elza Erkip , Yonina C. Eldar

In this paper, we propose a Singular-Value-Decomposition-based variable-resolution Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) bit allocation design for a single-user Millimeter wave massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output receiver. We derive the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-04-27 I. Zakir Ahmed , Hamid Sadjadpour , Shahram Yousefi

We investigate massive multiple-input-multiple output (MIMO) uplink systems with 1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on each receiver antenna. Receivers that rely on 1-bit ADC do not need energy-consuming interfaces such as automatic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Chiara Risi , Daniel Persson , Erik G. Larsson

This letter considers the architecture of distributed antenna system, which is made up of a massive number of single-antenna remote radio heads (RRHs), some with full-resolution but others with low-resolution analog-to-digital converter…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Jide Yuan , Shi Jin , Chao-Kai Wen , Kai-Kit Wong

The high hardware complexity of a massive MIMO base station, which requires hundreds of radio chains, makes it challenging to build commercially. One way to reduce the hardware complexity and power consumption of the receiver is to lower…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Christopher Mollén , Junil Choi , Erik G. Larsson , Robert W. Heath

This letter investigates the uplink of a multi-user millimeter wave (mmWave) system, where the base station (BS) is equipped with a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array and resolution-adaptive analog-to-digital converters…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Hualian Sheng , Xihan Chen , Xiongfei Zhai , An Liu , Min-Jian Zhao

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) stand for a significant part of the total power consumption in a massive MIMO base station. One-bit ADCs are one way to reduce power consumption. This paper presents an analysis of the spectral efficiency…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Christopher Mollén , Junil Choi , Erik G. Larsson , Robert W. Heath
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