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Supervised detection of network attacks has always been a critical part of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). Nowadays, in a pivotal time for artificial intelligence (AI), with even more sophisticated attacks that utilize advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Iakovos-Christos Zarkadis , Christos Douligeris

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are important tools for the protection of computer networks against increasingly frequent and sophisticated cyber attacks. Recently, a lot of research effort has been dedicated to the development…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Mohanad Sarhan , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Most research using machine learning (ML) for network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) uses well-established datasets such as KDD-CUP99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS-2017. In this context, the possibilities of machine learning…

Machine Learning (ML)-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) have proven to become a reliable intelligence tool to protect networks against cyberattacks. Network data features has a great impact on the performances of ML-based…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Mohanad Sarhan , Siamak Layeghy , Nour Moustafa , Marius Portmann

Many of the proposed machine learning (ML) based network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) achieve near perfect detection performance when evaluated on synthetic benchmark datasets. Though, there is no record of if and how these results…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

The detection of cyber-attacks in computer networks is a crucial and ongoing research challenge. Machine learning-based attack classification offers a promising solution, as these models can be continuously updated with new data, enhancing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Maximilian Wolf , Dieter Landes , Andreas Hotho , Daniel Schlör

Cyber-security garnered significant attention due to the increased dependency of individuals and organizations on the Internet and their concern about the security and privacy of their online activities. Several previous machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-11 MohammadNoor Injadat , Abdallah Moubayed , Ali Bou Nassif , Abdallah Shami

Anomaly-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) require correctly labelled, representative and diverse datasets for an accurate evaluation and development. However, several widely used datasets do not include labels which are…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Eric Lanfer , Dominik Brockmann , Nils Aschenbruck

Machine Learning (ML) techniques are increasingly adopted to tackle ever-evolving high-profile network attacks, including DDoS, botnet, and ransomware, due to their unique ability to extract complex patterns hidden in data streams. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Haoyu Liu , Paul Patras

Enhancing Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) with supervised Machine Learning (ML) is tough. ML-NIDS must be trained and evaluated, operations requiring data where benign and malicious samples are clearly labelled. Such labels…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Giovanni Apruzzese , Luca Pajola , Mauro Conti

Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) play a pivotal role in safeguarding critical digital infrastructures against cyber threats. Machine learning-based detection models applied in NIDS are prevalent today. However, the effectiveness…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Xinxing Zhao , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) built on artificial intelligence (AI) are presented as latent mechanisms for actively detecting fresh attacks over a complex network. Although review papers are used the systematic review or simple methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Ziadoon K. Maseer , Robiah Yusof , Baidaa Al-Bander , Abdu Saif , Qusay Kanaan Kadhim

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are a fundamental tool in cybersecurity. Their ability to generalize across diverse networks is a critical factor in their effectiveness and a prerequisite for real-world applications. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Marco Cantone , Claudio Marrocco , Alessandro Bria

Attacks on computer networks have increased significantly in recent days, due in part to the availability of sophisticated tools for launching such attacks as well as thriving underground cyber-crime economy to support it. Over the past…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Ayesha S. Dina , A. B. Siddique , D. Manivannan

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) is a promising approach to tackle the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks. However, since Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Miguel Silva , Daniela Pinto , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça , Ivone Amorim , Maria João Viamonte

As cyberattacks become increasingly sophisticated, advanced Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are critical for modern network security. Traditional signature-based NIDS are inadequate against zero-day and evolving attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Benyamin Tafreshian , Shengzhi Zhang

Machine learning (ML), especially deep learning (DL) techniques have been increasingly used in anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). However, ML/DL has shown to be extremely vulnerable to adversarial attacks, especially…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Dongqi Han , Zhiliang Wang , Ying Zhong , Wenqi Chen , Jiahai Yang , Shuqiang Lu , Xingang Shi , Xia Yin

This paper investigates the temporal analysis of NetFlow datasets for machine learning (ML)-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). Although many previous studies have highlighted the critical role of temporal features, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Majed Luay , Siamak Layeghy , Seyedehfaezeh Hosseininoorbin , Mohanad Sarhan , Nour Moustafa , Marius Portmann

Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are an essential defense for computer networks and the hosts within them. Machine learning (ML) nowadays predominantly serves as the basis for NIDS decision making, where models are tuned to reduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Bolor-Erdene Zolbayar , Ryan Sheatsley , Patrick McDaniel , Michael J. Weisman , Sencun Zhu , Shitong Zhu , Srikanth Krishnamurthy

This work presents Reliable-NIDS (R-NIDS), a novel methodology for Machine Learning (ML) based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) that allows ML models to work on integrated datasets, empowering the learning process with diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Roberto Magán-Carrión , Daniel Urda , Ignacio Díaz-Cano , Bernabé Dorronsoro
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