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Scaling Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training introduces systems challenges absent in dense models. Because each token activates only a subset of experts, this sparsity allows total parameters to grow much faster than per-token computation,…

This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of the PyTorch distributed data parallel module. PyTorch is a widely-adopted scientific computing package used in deep learning research and applications. Recent advances in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Shen Li , Yanli Zhao , Rohan Varma , Omkar Salpekar , Pieter Noordhuis , Teng Li , Adam Paszke , Jeff Smith , Brian Vaughan , Pritam Damania , Soumith Chintala

Scaling Transformer-based click-through rate (CTR) models by stacking more parameters brings growing computational and storage overhead, creating a widening gap between scaling ambitions and the stringent industrial deployment constraints.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jiakai Tang , Runfeng Zhang , Weiqiu Wang , Yifei Liu , Chuan Wang , Xu Chen , Yeqiu Yang , Jian Wu , Yuning Jiang , Bo Zheng

More than 70% of cloud computing is paid for but sits idle. A large fraction of these idle compute are cheap CPUs with few cores that are not utilized during the less busy hours. This paper aims to enable those CPU cycles to train…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Minghao Yan , Nicholas Meisburger , Tharun Medini , Anshumali Shrivastava

Real-world node embedding applications often contain hundreds of billions of edges with high-dimension node features. Scaling node embedding systems to efficiently support these applications remains a challenging problem. In this paper we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Wanjing Wei , Yangzihao Wang , Pin Gao , Shijie Sun , Donghai Yu

Training foundation models, such as GPT-3 and PaLM, can be extremely expensive, often involving tens of thousands of GPUs running continuously for months. These models are typically trained in specialized clusters featuring fast,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Binhang Yuan , Yongjun He , Jared Quincy Davis , Tianyi Zhang , Tri Dao , Beidi Chen , Percy Liang , Christopher Re , Ce Zhang

Training large language models requires extensive processing, made possible by many high-performance computing resources. This study compares multi-node and multi-GPU environments for training large language models of electrocardiograms. It…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Dimitar Mileski , Nikola Petrovski , Marjan Gusev

Current AI training infrastructure is dominated by single instruction multiple data (SIMD) and systolic array architectures, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), that excel at accelerating parallel…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jan Finkbeiner , Thomas Gmeinder , Mark Pupilli , Alexander Titterton , Emre Neftci

The widely-adopted practice is to train deep learning models with specialized hardware accelerators, e.g., GPUs or TPUs, due to their superior performance on linear algebra operations. However, this strategy does not employ effectively the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Yujing Ma , Florin Rusu

Deep learning is a popular machine learning technique and has been applied to many real-world problems. However, training a deep neural network is very time-consuming, especially on big data. It has become difficult for a single machine to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xing Zhao , Aijun An , Junfeng Liu , Bao Xin Chen

Deep Learning (DL) algorithms are the central focus of modern machine learning systems. As data volumes keep growing, it has become customary to train large neural networks with hundreds of millions of parameters to maintain enough capacity…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Beidi Chen , Tharun Medini , James Farwell , Sameh Gobriel , Charlie Tai , Anshumali Shrivastava

Recommendation is crucial for both user experience and company revenue in Meituan as a leading lifestyle company, and generative recommendation models (GRMs) are shown to produce quality recommendations recently. However, existing systems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yuxiang Wang , Xiao Yan , Chi Ma , Mincong Huang , Xiaoguang Li , Lei Yu , Chuan Liu , Ruidong Han , He Jiang , Bin Yin , Shangyu Chen , Fei Jiang , Xiang Li , Wei Lin , Haowei Han , Bo Du , Jiawei Jiang

In this paper, we evaluate training of deep recurrent neural networks with half-precision floats. We implement a distributed, data-parallel, synchronous training algorithm by integrating TensorFlow and CUDA-aware MPI to enable execution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Julian Kates-Harbeck , William Tang

The rapid advancement of embedded multicore and many-core systems has revolutionized computing, enabling the development of high-performance, energy-efficient solutions for a wide range of applications. As models scale up in size, data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ruhai Lin , Rui-Jie Zhu , Jason K. Eshraghian

Scaling models has led to significant advancements in deep learning, but training these models in decentralized settings remains challenging due to communication bottlenecks. While existing compression techniques are effective in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sameera Ramasinghe , Thalaiyasingam Ajanthan , Gil Avraham , Yan Zuo , Alexander Long

GPUs have limited memory and it is difficult to train wide and/or deep models that cause the training process to go out of memory. It is shown in this paper how an open source tool called Large Model Support (LMS) can utilize a high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Samuel Matzek , Max Grossman , Minsik Cho , Anar Yusifov , Bryant Nelson , Amit Juneja

Training deep learning models is a repetitive and resource-intensive process. Data scientists often train several models before landing on a set of parameters (e.g., hyper-parameter tuning) and model architecture (e.g., neural architecture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Ties Robroek , Neil Kim Nielsen , Pınar Tözün

In recent years, the training requirements of many state-of-the-art Deep Learning (DL) models have scaled beyond the compute and memory capabilities of a single processor, and necessitated distribution among processors. Training such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Quentin Anthony , Ammar Ahmad Awan , Jeff Rasley , Yuxiong He , Aamir Shafi , Mustafa Abduljabbar , Hari Subramoni , Dhabaleswar Panda

Most existing training systems focus on a single region. In contrast, we envision that cross-region training offers more flexible GPU resource allocation and yields significant potential. However, the hierarchical cluster topology and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Jinquan Wang , Xiaojian Liao , Xuzhao Liu , Jiashun Suo , Zhisheng Huo , Chenhao Zhang , Xiangrong Xu , Runnan Shen , Xilong Xie , Limin Xiao

Distributed training techniques have been widely deployed in large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs) training on dense-GPU clusters. However, on public cloud clusters, due to the moderate inter-connection bandwidth between instances,…